Chapter 3 - The Nucleus Flashcards
1
Q
Nucleus
A
controls cells blueprint
- consists of nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear matrix
2
Q
Nuclear envelop
A
- double lipid membrane, one surrounds the nucleus, the outer touches the RER
- nuclear pores - proteins that protect things that cannot interact with the protein they’re made of from entering the nucleus
3
Q
What is an example of the large complexes can pass through the nuclear pores?
A
ribosomes
4
Q
Chromatin
A
- complex of DNA and proteins (histones)
- must be decondensed for transcription
- transcription factors in chromatin regulate transcription
- heterochromatin and euchromatin
5
Q
Euchromatin
A
- type of chromatin
- finely dispersed granular material
- open structure
6
Q
Heterochromatin
A
- type of chromatin
- coarse, electron dense material
- basophilic
7
Q
Histones
A
- component in chromatin
- 8 subunits that DNA wraps around, forming the nucleosome
- once the nucleosome associates, it compacts the chromosome, and becomes fully compacted during metaphase
8
Q
Nucleolus
A
- strongly basophilic region in interphase nuclei
- site of rRNA transcription and assembly of ribosomal subunits
- large nucleoli present in oocytes, hepatocytes, malignant cells, and other cells that make protein
9
Q
Karyotyping
A
- isolation and staining of metaphase chromosomes
- used for the determination of gender, and for seeing chromosome abnormalities
10
Q
X-chromosome inactivation
A
