Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Chapter 16 - Digestive Glands > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Digestive Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Salivary glands

A
  • 3 pairs - parotid, submandibular, sublingual
  • lubrication - food and oral mucosa
  • secrete amylase and lipase to initiate digestion
  • secrete protective chemicals like IgA, lactoferrin and lysozyme
  • contains buffer of bicarbonate and phosphate
  • CT capsule w/ septa that divide gland into lobules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Secretory cells

A
  • salivary gland
  • serous cells - triangular shaped cells that are grouped together in acini that secrete enzymes (amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin)
  • mucous cells - cuboidal cells arranged in tube like arrangements that secrete glycoproteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A
  • salivary gland
  • modified epithelial cells that lie beneath serous and mucous cells
  • contractile - aid in releasing secretions
  • ducts are composed of cuboidal epithelium
  • lymphocytes and plasma cells secrete IgA
  • autonomic innervation (parasym = watery, sym = viscous)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parotid gland

A
  • serous
    main serous production is amylase
  • also secrete IgA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Submandibular gland

A
  • serous and mucous
  • main serous product is lysozyme, and also secrete lactoferrin and amylase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sublingual glands

A
  • primarily mucous, also serous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Liver functions

A
  • CHO metabolism
  • lipid metabolism
  • protein metabolism
  • synthesis of plasma proteins
  • bile synthesis
  • hemoglobin degradation
  • drug metabolism
  • biliary excretion
  • storage of vitamins and ions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The liver receives material directly from the digestive tract via?

A

portal veins and lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Structure of liver

A
  • 4 lobes
  • receives blood from hepatic portal vein and common hepatic artery
  • releases bile into hepatic ducts
  • functional unit are liver lobules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hepatocytes

A
  • make bile
  • well developed golgi, RER and SER
  • many lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria
  • glycogen granules in cytoplasm
  • tight junctions
  • mitosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Liver lobule

A
  • polyhedral array of hepatocytes that radiate toward a central vein
  • blood enters lobule from periphery, into sinusoids, flows past hepatocytes, drains into central vein
  • bile is secreted into bile canaliculi btwn hepatocytes
  • reticular fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Portal triad

A
  • branch of hepatic portal vein, branch of hepatic artery and bile ductule
  • in liver lobule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood flow of liver lobules

A
  • blood enter from portal triads at periphery of lobule
  • flows through sinusoids
  • empties into central vein of lobule
  • O2 and metabolite concen. is highest at perilobular region, lower in centrilobular region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Regions of liver lobule

A
  • periolobular - at periphery, higher O2 and metabolite concen
  • centrilobular - around central vein, lower O2 and metabolite concen.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bile canaliculi and ductules

A
  • bile secreted into bile canaliculi
  • bile canaliculi carry bile into bile ductules that are lined with cuboidal epithelium
  • ductules empty into ducts, which merge to form the hepatic ducts
  • b
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bile

A
  • includes cholesterol derivatives called bile salts (emulsify lipids)
  • aids in emulsifying fats
  • also contains bilirubin diglucuronide
17
Q

Bilirubin

A
  • product of heme degradation
  • hepatocytes conjugate bile w/ glucuronic acid, forming bilirubin glucuronide
  • excreted bile and urine
  • excessive bilirubin accumulation due to liver malfunction - jaundice
18
Q

Regeneration of liver

A
  • can regen following surgery or acute injury
  • living organ donation or acute exposure to poison or toxin are examples
  • chronic liver damage is irreparable
19
Q

Gallbladder

A
  • site of bile concentration and storage
  • releases bile
  • mucosa - highly folded, simple columnar, overlying a lamina propria
  • smooth muscle
  • CT outer layer
20
Q

Pancreas

A
  • mixed exocrine and endocrine
  • thin CT capsule w/ septa that divides pancreas into lobules
  • internal support from reticular fibers
21
Q

Exocrine and Endocrine cells of pancreas

A
  • organize in acini
  • organize in clusters - islets of langerhans
22
Q

Structure of acini

A
  • acinar and centroacinar cells surround an intralobular duct
  • intralobular ducts merge and empty into main pancreatic duct
  • acinar cells - resemble serous cells in salivary glands
  • centroacinar - secrete watery, bicarbonate fluid
23
Q

Pancreatic secretions

A
  • juice pH is 8.3
  • water, ions, and enzymes that are synthesized by acinar cells, stored in secretory granules, and prevent pancreas from damage by its own enzymes
  • trypsinogen, amylase, lipase, NaHCO3 (bicarbonate)
24
Q

How are pancreatic enzymes activated

A
  • in duodenum
  • enterokinase from Brunner’s glands cleaves trypsinogen to trypsin
  • trypsin then activates the other enzymes
  • not activated until they reach their site of action and neutral pH (prevenst pancreas from damage by its own enzymes)
25
Q

Regulation of secretion in pancreas

A
  • secretin and cholecystokinin made by enteroendocrine cells in SI
  • gastric acid = secretin and cholecystokinin release
  • secretin = acinar cells secrete H2O and bicarbonate
  • cholecytokinin = enzyme secretion
26
Q

Pancreatic cancer

A
  • metastasis to liver, celiac plexus, portal vein, lymph nodes
  • poor prognosis, usually not diagnoses until late stage
  • intermittent upper ABD pain, weight loss, jaundice
  • risk factors - above 60, smoking, male, family hx, chronic heavy alcohol use
  • treatment - surgery, enzyme supplements, diabetes may occur
27
Q

LFTs

A
  • liver function tests that measure the clincial assays of hepatic functions using blood
  • serum bilirubin - measure of bilirubin conjugation/excretion
  • prothrombin - clotting
  • AST and ALT - intracellular enzymes

Histology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions