Diseases and Identifying Symptoms/Features Flashcards by Roxana M

Bullseye rash with pale central region

Lyme Disease

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Gray-white exudate in pharynx, Enlarged spleen/liver, skin rash

Infectious Mononucleosis

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intermittent fever/chills, carried by female mosquitos

Malaria

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cough, diarrhea, itchiness/rash at entrance, oral-fecal, freshwater snails

Schistosomiasis

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Lumps above bone, bone breakage

Osteomyelitis

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rash spread from PoE to rest of body, vomitting, fever, organ failure, can be result of nasal surgery/pads/tampons

Toxic Shock Syndrome

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Sexual Phase
Tachyzoite
sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, brain lesions, can be vertical, reservoirs include felines, rodents, and birds

Toxoplasmosis

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Conjunctivitis, swelling of spleen, liver, lymph nodes, organ enlargement, Reduviid bugs, armadillos in C/S America and Mexico

Chagas Disease

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bloody stools, malnutrition, allergic reactions marking travel, children in rural/tropic areas, developing countries, eggs hatch in intestines

Ascariasis

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bloody/watery diarrhea (dysentery), lasts 1 week, enterotoxin, found in mouth of birds

Campylobacteriosis/ Acute Intestinal Infection

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Inflammation of colon, can be a result of ABX, cecal perforation, high WBC’s in blood, Pseudomembranes (white patches in colon)

Antibiotic Associated Colitis

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Erosive ulcerations, Dysentery, weight loss, Often in Africa/Asia/Latin America, cysts are swallowed and releases trophozoites into large intestine

Amoebiasis/Amebic Dysentery

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watery diarrhea, may lead to HUS in kidneys, may lead to UTI

Traveler’s Diarrhea/Enterhemorrhagic Diarrhea

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Anal itch, Oral-Fecal, diarrhea, nausea

Pinworms

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flatulence, edema, ingestion of cysts, reservoirs include beavers/cattle/coyotes/cats etc

Giardiasis/Beaver Fever

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jaundice, dark urine, flu-like symptoms, associated with lack of hygiene or public health measures

Infectious Hepatitis

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Anorexia, arthritis, jaundice, among people having unprotected sex, drug users, enters via break in skin

Serum Hepatitis

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Jaundice, fever, chills, chronic liver disease without overt symptoms, most common reason for liver transplant

Silent Hepatitis

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diarrhea, sore throat, convulsions, vertical, can get from eating unpasteurized foods or improperly cooked meats

Listeriosis

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watery diarrhea, dehydration, dizziness, Oral-Fecal
In Children: unusually sleepy, ultra-fussy, crying with no tears

Noroviral Gastroenteritis

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Alternating diarrhea, constipation, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Endotoxin, may lead to septicemia

Typhoid Fever

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vomitting, diarrhea, fluid loss, mucosal lesions (subsides after 2-5 days), Zoonotic (found in reptiles and birds)

Animal Salmonella

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crippling abdominal cramps, frequent watery stool w/ mucus and blood, shiga toxin (injures nerve cells, intestines, and kidneys)

Shigellosis/Bacterial Dysentery

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tenderness and toothache

Dental Caries

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redness, inflammation, swelling and increased bleeding of gingiva, pockets between teeth and gingiva

Gingivitis

Proglottids in stool, consumption of raw meats (beef/pork) found in SE asia/S.America/Mexico/E.Europe, vague abdominal pain

Tapeworms

RICE-WATER STOOL, severe thirst, flaccid skin, sunken eyes, vomitting, Toxin (CT)

Cholera (contains Cholera Toxin)

Yellow discharge from genitals, nausea, white patches on mouth, ulcerations, itching

Candidasis/Vaginal Thrush

Conjunctivitis, Exudate (from eyes), Urethritis, Cervicitis with white drainage, Salpingitis (pelvic)

Chlamydial Infections

Lesions on genitalia, urethritis, painful urination, itch, light gray exudation, most common STD

Genital Herpes

Early Phase: high fever, vomitting, conjunctivitis, muscle cramps Second Phase: milder fever, jaundice, anemia, kidney invasion, headache from meningitis Zoonosis, Dark-Field microscopy

Leptospirosis

Urethritis, painful urination, milk yellow discharge, bloody vaginal discharge

Gonococcal Gonorrhea

Male: persistent/recurring urethritis, thin/milky discharge, prostate infection Female: foul-smelling, green-to-yellow discharge, vulvitis, cervicitis, painful/frequent urination

Trichomoniasis

Primary: Chancre (genital ulcers) Secondary: fever, headache, red/brown rash Tertiary: swollen tumors in liver/skin/cartilage, convulsions, mental derangement, pupil doesn't restrict to light Congenital: hutchinson's disease (sharp teeth), skin loss, bone deformation Communicable in primary/secondary. Non-communicable in tertiary

Syphillis

Adult: vomitting, flaccid paralysis, respiratory failure Infant: Flaccid paralysis, loss of tone, weak sucking response Diplopia, Dysphagia, Toxin

Botulism (Toxin is Botulinum Toxin)

Jaw cramping, Spastic paralysis, painful muscle contractions/spasms, seizures, headache, bloody stools, Tetanospasmin

Tetanus

Pharyngitis, Headache, Convulsions, Photophobia

Meningococcal Meningitis

sore throat, myalgia, limb atrophy, flaccid paralysis, meningitis, muscle spasms/pain

Poliomyelitis

Altered behavior, dementia, enlarged astroglial cells/brain/neurons

Cruetzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Mad Cow Disease, Bovine Spongiform Encephaly

Inflammation of meninges, fever, headache, stiff neck

Streptococcal Meningitis

swollen lymph nodes, intermittent fever, sleep disturbances, shuffling gait, slurred speech, seizures

African Sleeping Sickness

malaise, muscle aches, stiff joints, rash on chest/stomach/back, delirium, convulsions, vision loss, flaccid paralysis

West Nile Fever

fever, chest pain, cough, malaise, fungomas in lungs, found in wind and animals, found in LA area

San Joaquin Valley Fever

coughing up blood, night sweats, fever, flu-like symptoms, rash on shins, Zoonosis (bird & bat)

Ohio Valley Fever/Histoplasmosis

severe inflammation and irritation, fever, headache, pharyngeal pain, SOB, Zoonosis (swine & birds)

Influenza

High fever, cough, diarrhea, pneumonia, changes in mental status, prevalent in older males, freshwater habitats

Legionnaire's Disease

Violent cough/ weight loss, green/blood in sputum, chest pain, fatigue, + Mantoux Test

Tuberculosis

fever, malaise, unproductive cough, earache, CHEST PAIN, nasal symptoms

Walking Pneumonia

cough, fever, shallow respiration, cyanosis, rapid breathing, found in elderly and premature babies

Pneumocystic Pneumonia

abrupt onset of fever and chills, rapid breathing, fluid in lungs, chest crackling, cough with bloody sputum, cyanosis

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

SOB, nausea, confusion, fatigue, headaches, fever, chills, zoonosis (herbivores/agricultural animals), spores ingested

Pulmonary Anthrax

nasal drainage, hacking coughs followed by deep inhalation producing "whoop"

Whooping Cough/Pertussis

Rhinitis, Pharyngitis, Otitis, wheezing, hyspnea, found in children 6 months or younger

Respiratory Syncitial Bronchiolitis

Vomitting, enlarged cervical nodes (swelling in neck), sore throat, grayish slime type membrane/patch in throat

Diphtheria

Fever, chills, cough, loss of smell/taste, body aches, diarrhea, cyanosis

Coronavirus Disease

inflammation of middle ear, temporary deafness

Otitis Media

bright red, swollen sore throat, difficulty swallowing, purulent tonsils, fever, headache

Pharyngitis

high fever, red diffuse rash over face/trunk/inner arms/legs, strawberry tongue, Hx of pharyngitis

Scarlet Fever

inflamed tissue, edematous papules that become necrotic and ruptures to form black scabs

Cutaneous Anthrax

bloody exudate, blackened necrotic tissue, production of smelly gas

Gas Gangrene

Itchy beard, groin, feet, hands, feet, or white patches/darkened nails

Ringworm

lesions on oropharynx, vesicles on lip

Cold Sores/Oral Herpes

inflammation and edema of eyes (conjunctiva, cornea, eyelids)

Gonococcal Ophthalmia

Skin rashes, UTI, external ear infection, corneal ulcers, grape-like odor, BLUE PUS

Pseudomonad Infections

Malaise, mild fever, sore throat, Pink macules and papules on face to trunk and extremities

German Measles

Sore throat, dry cough, conjunctivitis, oral lesions inside cheeks (Koplik's spots), red maculopapular exanthem on head that moves to trunk and extremities. Rash grows together to form red patched that turn brown

Red Measles

Red blisters that peel, red, raw, painful, Umbilical stump and eyes of babies, Exfoliative toxins

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Superficial lesions

Folliculitis

Deep lesion, painful mass that swells and ruptures

Carbuncles

Hard, red, tender, abscess/pustule clustered on butt, armpit, back of neck

Furuncle/Boil

deep infection spreading through necrotic tissue

Cellulitis

localized, raise, bullae that burst and peel

Bullous Impetigo

Tender, burning, itchy red lesions with shrap spreading border that turns into crusty yellow pustules

Pyoderma Impetigo

goes from red, tender lesions to deepening necrosis, loss of flesh, disfigurement

Necrotizing Fasciitis

small red lesions (vesicular/blister), fever,abundant rash on scalp, face, and trunk to extremitis

Chicken Pox

localized painful rashes that remains latent in dorsal root ganglia

Shingles