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State Study > Disease - S&S, meds, complications, risk factors > Flashcards

Disease - S&S, meds, complications, risk factors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the S&S of R) sided HF

A

this causes fluid to build up in body therefore causes swelling
- enlarged liver
- oedema
- weight gain
- irregular HR
- large neck vein
- nocturia

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2
Q

What are S&S of L) sided HF

A

this causes fluid to build up in the lungs therefore causing drowning
- dyspnoea
- SOB
- weakness
- nocturia
- increased HR
- nagging cough
- weight gain

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3
Q

What drug class of meds would be used for someone with congestive heart failure?

A
  • beta blockers
  • ACE inhibitors
  • diuretics
  • anticoagulants
  • vasodilators
  • digoxin
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4
Q

What are possible complications of congestive heart failure?

A
  • heart attack
  • stroke
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5
Q

What are the S&S of a myocardial infarction

A
  • pressure/tightness in chest
  • SOB
  • n+v
  • anxiety
  • coughing
  • fast HR
  • jaw pain
  • upper back pain
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6
Q

What are the risk factors of a myocardial infarction?

A
  • HTN
  • high cholesterol levels
  • high triglyceride levels
  • diabetes or high BGL
  • obesity
  • smoking
  • age + family hx
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7
Q

What are the meds for a myocardial infarction

A
  • aspirin
  • thrombolytics
  • antiplatelets
  • nitroglycerin
  • beta blockers
  • ACE inhibitors
  • analgesia
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8
Q

What are the complications of a myocardial infarction?

A
  • arrhythmias
  • HF
  • heart rupture
  • valve problems
  • death
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9
Q

What is stable angina?

A

Involves occasional pain lasting 5-15mins, usually caused by exercise or activity and is relieved by rest of glyceryl trinitrate

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10
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

might have no trigger & can occur when resting, may last longer than 10 minutes & not fully relieved by glyceryl trinitrate

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11
Q

what are the presenting symptoms of angina?

A
  • sweezing pain/tightness/heavy sensation in the chest usually lasting 15mins
  • pain or discomfort in arms/bac/neck
  • SOB
  • nausea
  • weakness
  • dizziness
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12
Q

what are the complications of a myocardial infarction?

A

Heart attack

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis?

A
  • stasis of venous cirulation (condition = immobilisation, varicose veins, surgery, travelling for hours, obstructions, heart failure)
  • hypercoagulability (cancer, sepsis, dehydration, birth control, post partum periods)
  • endothelial damage to vein (IV drug use, indwelling devices, meds, trauma or surgery)
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14
Q

what are the symptoms of a DVT?

A
  • redness
  • swelling
  • very warm
  • pain
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15
Q

what are the presenting symptoms of shock?

A
  • rapid/weak/absent pulse
  • irregular HR
  • rapid shallow breathing
  • light headedness
  • cool/clammy skin
  • dilated pupils
  • chest pain
  • nausea
  • confusion
  • anxiety
  • decreased urine output
  • thirs + dry mouth
  • low BGL
  • LOC
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16
Q

Complication of shock

A

death

17
Q

S&S of hypovolemic shock

A
  • tachycardia
  • hypotension
  • cool/clammy skin
  • weak peripheral pulses
  • anxiety
  • decreased urinary output
  • central venous pressure low
18
Q

Signs & symptoms of anaphylactic shock

A
  • dyspnoea
  • wheezing
  • swelling of upper airways
  • can’t speak
  • coughing
  • stuffy nose
  • watery eyes
  • tachycardia
  • hypotension
  • LOC
  • n+v
  • red/swollen/itchy/hives
19
Q

What are the risk factors for sepsis?

A
  • suppressed immune system
  • young+old age
  • organ transplant recipients
  • after any surgical procedure
  • indwelling devices
  • sickness
  • common infection e.g. pneumonia, UTI, cellulitis
  • infection of blood
20
Q

What are the mild symptoms (Warm phase) of sepsis?

A
  • systemic inflammatory response
  • temp >38<36
  • HR>90
  • RR>20
  • WBC>12,000 or <4,000
  • restless/anxious
  • low BP
  • warm flushed skin = vasodilation
  • hyperthermia
  • high cardiac output = tachycardia
  • lethargic/anxious
21
Q

What are the severe symptoms (Cold phase) of sepsis?

A
  • sepsis confirmed infection + systemic inflammatory response syndrome
  • septic shock
  • late signs = no compensation
  • cold/clammy pale skin
  • severe hypotension = fluids don’t work
  • increased HR + RR
  • oliguria
  • hypothermia
  • severe lactate over 2-4mmol/L (bc organs will release lactic acid when anaerobic)
  • multiple organ dysfunction
22
Q

Meds for sesis

A
  • antibiotics (cultures first)
  • crystalloids
  • protein activated C
  • titrate vasocompressors (e.g. norepinephrine)
23
Q

what are complications of sepsis?

A
  • complete organ failure
  • organs not receiving sufficient O2 or blood to function properly
  • stroke
  • amputation of limb due to clots
24
Q

What is septic shock?

A

Occurs due to sepsis & leads to a major decrease in tissue perfusion to organs & tissues also a decrease in systemic vascular resistance due to vasodilation

25
Q

S&S of iron deficiency anemia

A
  • pale
  • weakness
  • low Hgb & Hct
  • microcytic & hypochromic RBC
26
Q

S&S of asthma

A
  • coughing
  • difficulty breathing
  • SOB
  • wheezing
27
Q

Risk factors for asthma

A
  • having a parent w/ asthma
  • having severe resp infection as child
  • being exposed to certain chemical irritants or industrial dusts
28
Q

Meds for asthma

A
  • beta 2 agonists (salbutamol or bronchodilator)
  • corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)
  • glucosteroids (reduces inflammation)
29
Q

Complications of asthma

A
  • pneumonia
  • collapse of lung
  • resp failure where O2 levels become dangerously low or levels of CO2 too high
30
Q

Risk factors of emphysema COPD

A
  • smoking
  • long term exposure to certain industrial pollutants or dust
  • small % caused by famillial or genetic disorder alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
31
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of emphysema COPD

A
  • breathlessness with exertion & eventually breathlessness most of the time in advanced disease
  • susceptibility to chest infection
  • cough with phlegm production
  • fatigue
  • barrel chest
  • cyanosis
  • pursed lip breathing
32
Q

Medications for emphysema COPD

A

-anti inflammatory
- bronchodilators
- antibiotics
- stress management techniques
- O2
- flu vaccine yearly

33
Q

What are the complications of emphysema COPD?-

A
  • pneumonia
  • collapsed lung
  • heart problems
34
Q

What are the risk factors of pneumonia?

A
  • infants’ birth-2, 65+yrs
  • weakened immune systems
  • respiratory infection
  • hospitalised or ventilated patients
  • stroke victums w/ difficulty swallowing
  • people exposed to lung irritants such as pollution, fumes & certain chemicals
35
Q

symptoms of pneumonia

A
  • cough
  • fever
  • sweating or chills
  • SOB
  • chest pain
  • fatigue
  • loss of appetite
  • nausea
  • headaches
36
Q

meds for pneumonia

A
  • po abx
  • antiviral
  • antifungal
  • respiratory therapy
37
Q
A

State Study (10 decks)

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