Disease - S&S, meds, complications, risk factors Flashcards
What are the S&S of R) sided HF
this causes fluid to build up in body therefore causes swelling
- enlarged liver
- oedema
- weight gain
- irregular HR
- large neck vein
- nocturia
What are S&S of L) sided HF
this causes fluid to build up in the lungs therefore causing drowning
- dyspnoea
- SOB
- weakness
- nocturia
- increased HR
- nagging cough
- weight gain
What drug class of meds would be used for someone with congestive heart failure?
- beta blockers
- ACE inhibitors
- diuretics
- anticoagulants
- vasodilators
- digoxin
What are possible complications of congestive heart failure?
- heart attack
- stroke
What are the S&S of a myocardial infarction
- pressure/tightness in chest
- SOB
- n+v
- anxiety
- coughing
- fast HR
- jaw pain
- upper back pain
What are the risk factors of a myocardial infarction?
- HTN
- high cholesterol levels
- high triglyceride levels
- diabetes or high BGL
- obesity
- smoking
- age + family hx
What are the meds for a myocardial infarction
- aspirin
- thrombolytics
- antiplatelets
- nitroglycerin
- beta blockers
- ACE inhibitors
- analgesia
What are the complications of a myocardial infarction?
- arrhythmias
- HF
- heart rupture
- valve problems
- death
What is stable angina?
Involves occasional pain lasting 5-15mins, usually caused by exercise or activity and is relieved by rest of glyceryl trinitrate
What is unstable angina?
might have no trigger & can occur when resting, may last longer than 10 minutes & not fully relieved by glyceryl trinitrate
what are the presenting symptoms of angina?
- sweezing pain/tightness/heavy sensation in the chest usually lasting 15mins
- pain or discomfort in arms/bac/neck
- SOB
- nausea
- weakness
- dizziness
what are the complications of a myocardial infarction?
Heart attack
What are the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis?
- stasis of venous cirulation (condition = immobilisation, varicose veins, surgery, travelling for hours, obstructions, heart failure)
- hypercoagulability (cancer, sepsis, dehydration, birth control, post partum periods)
- endothelial damage to vein (IV drug use, indwelling devices, meds, trauma or surgery)
what are the symptoms of a DVT?
- redness
- swelling
- very warm
- pain
what are the presenting symptoms of shock?
- rapid/weak/absent pulse
- irregular HR
- rapid shallow breathing
- light headedness
- cool/clammy skin
- dilated pupils
- chest pain
- nausea
- confusion
- anxiety
- decreased urine output
- thirs + dry mouth
- low BGL
- LOC
Complication of shock
death
S&S of hypovolemic shock
- tachycardia
- hypotension
- cool/clammy skin
- weak peripheral pulses
- anxiety
- decreased urinary output
- central venous pressure low
Signs & symptoms of anaphylactic shock
- dyspnoea
- wheezing
- swelling of upper airways
- can’t speak
- coughing
- stuffy nose
- watery eyes
- tachycardia
- hypotension
- LOC
- n+v
- red/swollen/itchy/hives
What are the risk factors for sepsis?
- suppressed immune system
- young+old age
- organ transplant recipients
- after any surgical procedure
- indwelling devices
- sickness
- common infection e.g. pneumonia, UTI, cellulitis
- infection of blood
What are the mild symptoms (Warm phase) of sepsis?
- systemic inflammatory response
- temp >38<36
- HR>90
- RR>20
- WBC>12,000 or <4,000
- restless/anxious
- low BP
- warm flushed skin = vasodilation
- hyperthermia
- high cardiac output = tachycardia
- lethargic/anxious
What are the severe symptoms (Cold phase) of sepsis?
- sepsis confirmed infection + systemic inflammatory response syndrome
- septic shock
- late signs = no compensation
- cold/clammy pale skin
- severe hypotension = fluids don’t work
- increased HR + RR
- oliguria
- hypothermia
- severe lactate over 2-4mmol/L (bc organs will release lactic acid when anaerobic)
- multiple organ dysfunction
Meds for sesis
- antibiotics (cultures first)
- crystalloids
- protein activated C
- titrate vasocompressors (e.g. norepinephrine)
what are complications of sepsis?
- complete organ failure
- organs not receiving sufficient O2 or blood to function properly
- stroke
- amputation of limb due to clots
What is septic shock?
Occurs due to sepsis & leads to a major decrease in tissue perfusion to organs & tissues also a decrease in systemic vascular resistance due to vasodilation
