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State Study > Community Nursing > Flashcards

Community Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 primary healthcare principles

A
  1. Equitable distribution of resources (ACCESSABILITY)
  2. Community involvement (PUBLIC PARTICIPATION)
  3. Emphasis on prevention (HEALTH PROMOTION)
  4. Appropriate technology
  5. A range of sectors; collaborative practice (INTERSECTORAL COOPERATION)
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2
Q

What are some key points of the NZ Healthcare Strategy 2016?

A
  • people-powered
  • closer to home
  • value & high performance
  • one team
  • smart system
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3
Q

NZ Healthcare strategy - people powered meaning

A

providing services in different ways that reflect the varying needs of our
diverse communities and providing information that helps people take control of their health and wellbeing

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3
Q

NZ Healthcare strategy - Value & high performance meaning?

A

making better use of data to understand all the factors that affect health outcomes and putting resources in the places they will make the most difference

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4
Q

NZ Healthcare strategy - Closer to home meaning

A

making it easier to access healthcare, working with local communities to
provide support on the ground

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5
Q

NZ Healthcare strategy - One team

A

government agencies, health care providers, NGOs, experts, analysts and
communities working together; designing and delivering services and support in a coordinated way

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6
Q

NZ Healthcare strategy - Smart system

A

using technology to improve services and make It easier to share information across the health system

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7
Q

What are social determinants of health?

A

The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are
shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels.

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8
Q

provide some examples of social determinants

A
  • income
  • economy
  • housing
  • food supply
  • social relationships
  • environment
  • transport
  • education
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9
Q

What is Ottawa Charter?

A

developed an approach to improve the health of populations and individuals - used for planning public health - to improve the health of populations and individuals there is a need to look wider than just providing public health services.

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10
Q

what are prerequisites of health Otawa charter?

A
  • peace
  • shelter
  • food
  • income
  • stable eco system
  • sustainable resources
  • social justice & equity
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11
Q

what are the 3 foundations of Ottawa Charter?

A
  1. advocate = make conditions favourable
  2. enable = to take own control
  3. mediate = bw differing interests of society
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12
Q

What are factors that help a person with a long-term condition manage condition independently

A
  • Have knowledge of their condition
  • Follow a treatment plan (care plan) agreed with their health professionals
  • Actively share in decision making with health professionals
  • Monitor and manage signs and symptoms of their condition
  • Manage the impact of the condition on physical, emotional and social life
  • Adopt lifestyles that promote health
  • Have confidence, access and ability
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13
Q

Empowerment - advocacy & social justice

A

promoting client autonomy in making decisions.

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14
Q

Equity - advocacy & social justice

A

In treatment/ health outcomes, reducing power imbalance

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15
Q

What are some barriers to advocacy?

A

Unclear understanding of advocacy
- Organisational culture: dependent on the support and autonomy for nurses, resisting
hospital routine
- Peer and colleague attitudes
- Nurse-patient relationship: especially when relationship is not valued by organisations
- Specific features of individual nurses/ tackling hierarchies
- Nursing education programmes: focus on relationship ethics

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16
Q

What are the 3 health promotion concepts?

A
  1. health information (e.g. talk, pamphlets + websites)
  2. health education (individualised to pt needs)
  3. Health promotion (enabling, advocating + mediating)
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17
Q

What type of infectious disease are these:
- chickenpox
- hand, food & mouth disease
- head lice
- measles
- ringworm
- rubella
- scabies
- impetigo (school sores)
- human parvovirus infection

A

Rashes & Skin infections

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18
Q

What is chickenpox & is there a treatment?

A

Viral infection causing itchy, blister like rash on the skin. No specific treatment
as virus is self-limiting. May be reactivated later in life as shingles. Can be severe if
contracted by babies, or immunocompromised children or adults

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19
Q

What is the transmission of chickenpox?

A

(contact and droplet) coughing sneezing and contact with weeping blisters

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20
Q

What is the incubation period of chickenpox?

A

10-21 days

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21
Q

What is the contagious period of chickenpox?

A

1-2 days before symptoms and 1 week from appearance of rash or until all blisters have
dried

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22
Q

What is Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease?

A

a mild viral illness that causes fluid filled blisters, no specific treatment and virus is self-limiting

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23
Q

What is the transmission of Hand, foot & mouth disease?

A

(droplet) coughing, sneezing, and poor hand washing

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24
Q

what are the symptoms of of Hand, foot & mouth disease?

A

Fever, flulike symptoms and rash on soles, palms and in mouth

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25
Q

What is the incubation period of hand, food & mouth disease?

A

3-5 days

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26
Q

what is the contagious period of hand, foot & mouth disease?

A

until blisters have dried

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27
Q

What is the transmission of head lice?

A

direct contact with hair

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28
Q

what are the symptoms of head lice?

A

itchy scalp, occasional scalp infection

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29
Q

what is the contagious period of head lice?

A

until no lice are present

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30
Q

What is measles (Rubeola)?

A

a highly contagious viral illness can be life threatening especially for those
immunocompromised

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31
Q

What is the transmission of measles?

A

(airborne and contact) Coughing and sneezing and direct contact

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32
Q

what are the symptoms of measles?

A

runny nose and eyes, cough and fever, followed by rash

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33
Q

What is the incubation period of measles?

A

7-18 days

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34
Q

What is the contagious period

A

4 days pre rash & 5 days post rash

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35
Q

what are the complications of measles?

A
  • ear infection
  • pneumonia
  • seizures
  • encephalitis
  • premature birth/low birth weight/stillborn
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36
Q

what is ringworm?

A

highly contagious fungal infection of skin + scalp

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37
Q

what is the transmission of ringworm?

A

contact with infected skin, bedding & clothing

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38
Q

what are the symptoms of ringworm?

A

flat, ring-shaped rash

39
Q

what is the incubation period of ringworm?

A

4-6 weeks

40
Q

what is the contagious period of ringworm?

A

when lesions are no longer present

41
Q

What is rubella?

A

viral infection can be life threatening especially for those
immunocompromised.

42
Q

what is the transmission of rubella?

A

Coughing & sneezing, also directly contact with infected person

43
Q

What are the symptoms of rubella?

A
  • fever
  • swollen glands
  • rash on face, body & scalp
44
Q

what is the incubation period of rubella?

A

14-23 days

45
Q

what is the contagious period of rubella?

A

7 days pre symptoms & 7 days after appearance of rash

46
Q

what are the complications of rubella?

A
  • bleeding problems
  • testicular swelling
  • inflammation of nerves
  • congenital rubella syndrome (pregnancy)
  • miscarriage
  • encephalitis
  • low platelet count
  • ear infection
47
Q

What is scabies & its treatment

A

caused by a parasite/ mite, which the mite burrows into skin. Treatment involves a
topical insecticide cream called permethrin cream to kill mite and eggs or an oral
insecticide called ivermectin

48
Q

What is the transmission of scabies?

A

contact with infected skin, bedding and clothing

49
Q

what are the symptoms of scabies?

A

Itchy rash

50
Q

What is the intubation period of scabies?

A

4-6 weeks, re-exposure may develop in 1-4 days

51
Q

what is the contagious period of scabies?

A

1 day after appropriate treatment

52
Q

what is a complication of scabies?

A

possible skin infection requiring abx

53
Q

What is school sores (impetigo)?

A

Superficial bacterial skin infection, characterised by pustules and
honey-coloured crusty erosions

54
Q

what is the treatment fro impetigo?

A

antibiotics

55
Q

what is the transmission of impetigo?

A

direct contact with infected sores

56
Q

what are the symptoms of impetigo?

A

Blisters on body
which burst and turn into scabby sores

57
Q

What is the contagious period of impetigo?

A

until sores have dried or 24 hours after antibiotic treatment commence

58
Q

What is Human parvovirus infection?

A

common viral infection causing a distinctive face rash on cheeks. Can lead to serious complications for unborn foetus

59
Q

What is the transmission of the human parvovirus infection?

A

coughing & sneezing = droplet

60
Q

what are the symptoms of human parvovirus infection?

A

red cheeks & lack-like rash on body

61
Q

what is the intubation period of human parvovirus infection?

A

4-20 days

62
Q

what is the contagious period of human parvovirus?

A

few days proceeding rash

63
Q

What is campylobacter?

A

Type of gastroenteritis (food poisoning) caused by campylobacter bacteria

64
Q

How is campylobacter, cryptosporidium, giardia, salmonella transmitted?

A

Spread via undercooked or contaminated food/water or direct spread from infected person or animal

65
Q

What are the symptoms of campylobacter, cryptosporidium, giardia, salmonella?

A
  • stomach pain
  • fever
  • n+ v
  • diarrhoea
66
Q

What is cyrptosporidium?

A

This is caused by infection of coccidian protozoan cryptosporidium parasites

67
Q

What is Giardia?

A

Intestinal infection caused by giardia parasite

68
Q

What is salmonella?

A

common intestinal infection caused by salmonella bacteria

69
Q

What is Norovirus?

A

intestinal infection of the norovirus

70
Q

What are the symptoms of norovirus & rotavirus?

A

n+v & diarrhoea

71
Q

What is rotavirus?

A

highly infectious intestinal infection of the rotavirus

72
Q

What is influenza & influenza-like illness

A

respiratory infection of the influenza virus or other
similar virus. Can be serious and fatal in immunocompromised groups

73
Q

how is influenza transmitted?

A

coughing and sneezing

74
Q

what are the symptoms of influenza

A

sudden onset of fever with
cough
sore throat
muscular aches
headache

75
Q

What is strep throat?

A

infection of the throat and tonsils caused by
streptococcal bacteria. Treated with antibiotics. If left untreated can lead to serious heart
and kidney complications including rheumatic fever

76
Q

what are the symptoms of strep throat?

A
  • headache
  • vomiting
  • sore throat
77
Q

what is whooping cough (pertussis)?

A

highly contagious bacterial infection, distinctive by a cough that sounds like loud whoop. Can be serious for babies and young children

78
Q

What are the symptoms of pertussis (whooping cough)?

A
  • runny nose
  • persistent cough
  • vomiting
  • breathlessness
79
Q

What is conjunctivitis (pink eye)?

A

inflammation or infection of the outer membrane of the eyeball
and the inner eyelid. May be caused by bacterial or viral infection or as a reaction to
irritants or allergens

80
Q

What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis?

A
  • irritation & redness of eye
  • sometimes discharge
81
Q

What is meningococcal meningitis

A

Inflammation of brain and spinal cord membranes, a bacterial
form of meningitis. Associated with high fatality ratesand
serious life-long impacts. Requires urgent medical attention, treatment involves antibiotics

82
Q

how is meningococcal meningitis transmitted?

A

close contact with oral secretions

83
Q

what are the symptoms of meningococcal meningitis?

A
  • generally unwell
  • fever
  • headache
  • vomiting
  • neck stiffness
  • non-blanching rash
84
Q

What is meningitis (viral)?

A

Inflammation of brain and spinal cord membranes, caused by a virus.
Often less severe than bacterial and self-limiting

85
Q

how is viral meningitis transmitted?

A

coughing sneezing and direct contact

86
Q

what are the symptoms of viral meningitis?

A
  • generally unwell
  • fever
  • headache
  • vomiting
87
Q

what is mumps?

A

viral infection caused by mumps virus distinctive by swollen, painful
salivary glands

88
Q

what are the symptoms of mumps?

A

pain in jaw,
followed by swelling in front of ear and fever

89
Q

What is a vaccine & how does it work?

A

A vaccine contains a dead or weakened form of an antigen which stimulates the immune system
to produce specific antibodies
If infection in the future occurs the immune system is able to fight of and protect against the
antigen.

90
Q

What is a live vaccine?

A

using an attenuated (weakened) form of a virus or bacteria. Live vaccines do
not usually cause disease in recipients who have already healthy immune systems however
may cause a mild version of the infection. Live vaccines are not safe for anyone
immunocompromised as can cause serious infection due to uncontrolled replication of the
virus.

91
Q

what is a dead or inactivated vaccine?

A

using bacteria and viruses which have been inactivated. After
immunisation the vaccine antigens cannot replicate or cause disease. This type of vaccine
can be safely given to a person who is immunocompromised however may not develop the
same amount of protection compared to an otherwise healthy person. Most inactivated
vaccines usually require multiple doses

92
Q

What is a subunit vaccine?

A

using parts of a bacteria or virus antigen or bacterial toxins that have
been made harmless

93
Q

What is heard immunity?

A

People
who are immunised do not usually get sick from the illness and cannot transmit the disease to
others. This prevents infection from circulating the community and protects people who are not
immunised such as those too young and those immunocompromised. Approximately 95% of
people in a community must be immunised to achieve community immunity

94
Q

What is the national immunisation register?

A

State Study (10 decks)

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