Disease - Part 2

Question 1

Define bacteria

Answer 1

Can be benign and harmful and come in multiple shapes, can live in about any environment

Question 2

Define virus

Answer 2

No conventional cell structure. Once infected, they invade host cells and use components in host cell to replicate

Question 3

Define parasite

Answer 3

Organisms that behave like tiny animals living in or on a host. They feed from or expense of host.

Question 4

How does airborne transmission of disease work

Answer 4

When infected people cough, sneeze or talk, this spews nasal secretions into the air and others breathe in the pathogens

Question 5

How does water/food borne transmission of disease work

Answer 5

Caused by bacteria found in contaminated food or water

Question 6

How does vector borne transmission of disease work

Answer 6

Disease caused by infection transmitted to humans and animals by blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes

Question 7

How does spread of disease through physical contact work

Answer 7

Caused by sexual contact, blood or pregnancy

Question 8

What is contagious diffusion

Answer 8

Dependent on direct contact, process strongly influenced by distance as nearby individuals have higher probability of contact

Question 9

What is expansion diffusion

Answer 9

Occurs when disease spreads from one region to another, intensifies in originating region and weakens when spreading into new ones

Question 10

What is relocation diffusion

Answer 10

Disease leaves areas in which it originated in as it moves into new areas

Question 11

What is an example of relocation diffusion

Answer 11

Spread of cholera in Haiti in 2010 killed 6000 people was thought to be brought into country by aid workers from Nepal in emergency response to the earthquake

Question 12

What is hierarchical diffusion

Answer 12

Spread of disease through an ordered sequence of classes or places

Question 13

What is network diffusion

Answer 13

When disease spreads through transportation and social networks(e.g. river or water networks, railroad networks)

Question 14

What is an example of network diffusion

Answer 14

The HIV-1 group M pandemic started in Kinshasa in early 1920s and first spread along railroad and water transportation networks through Democratic Republic of Congo and into Congo

Question 15

What role does globalisation play in spread of disease in terms of people

Answer 15

Disease can spread by travellers unknowingly due to incubation time
Transnational social formations(tourists, families, migrants) increase chance for contact

Question 16

Describe how globalisation impacted spread of diseases in terms of food

Answer 16

Many countries can enjoy food from different parts of the world, risk of being exposed to pathogens within food increases. Food items such as seafood are prone to bacterial growth if not handled properly during storage and transportation

Question 17

Give an example of how food led to spread of disease due to globalisation

Answer 17

In 2015, a highly infectious bacteria strain found in raw freshwater fish caused an outbreak of food poisoning in more than 160 people in Singapore

Question 18

Describe how globalisation impacted spread of disease in terms of information

Answer 18

There is potential to rapidly address emergence of disease due to real-time updates and rapid dissemination of important information

Question 19

What is the epidemiological transition model

Answer 19

It shows that as a country develops and modernises, its health profile shifts from infectious or contagious diseases to diseases that cause gradual worsening in the health of an individual