Disease Flashcards
ACUTE DISEASE
A quick onset disease with severe symptoms and a short course of 12-24 hours before either death or recovery
BACTEREMIA
A situation in which bacteria are present in the blood of an animal
CHRONIC DISEASE
Ongoing and progressively debilitating disease. Often difficult to treat and ending in death
COMMENSALISM
A harmless relationship between microorganism and the animal host
ex: the bacteria that lives on the skin of an animal
CONTAGIOUS
The ease of transmission of an agent from one individual to another (can differ from disease to disease)
DISEASE
A morbid process
-EMIA
Blood
HEALTH
The state of well being of an animal in which all body parts are functioning normally.
HOST- PARASITE RELATIONSHIP
A relationship between the host and the living agent
INCUBATION PERIOD
The period when the infectious agent gets established within the host’s body and rapid multiplication of the organism.
the host remains visibly healthy
duration varies on the microorganism
INFECTIOUS
That a disease is caused by a living agent
(doesn’t indicate if it is infectious at all)
e.g. parasites, fungi, bacteria, viruses
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
A disease caused by a living agent (e.g bacteria, fungi, viruses, external parasites, internal parasites)
often contagious
LOCAL INFECTION
Infectious agents which have a predilection for a particular location in the body, or have invaded an area and remain active in that area
MORBID
sick
NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASE
A disease in which there is no living agent involved (eg. Hit by a car, skin tumor)
PERACUTE DISEASE
The onset of the disease is very acute, with a duration of a few hours
PARASITE
Organisms that live off and challenge living host tissues
PARASITISM
A challenging relationship between microorganism and host. The host may be harmed.
PERIOD OF CONVALESNCE
This is the period where the animal’s immune system overcomes the infectious agent and the animal’s health improves. The infectious agent may still be present.
This period is not always reached.
PERIOD OF ILLNESS
the development of clinical signs. Visibly sick. If the animal dies they will not progress past this stage.
SAPROPHYTES
Bacteria that live on dead material
eg in vet med:
infection due to the retained placenta of a calf
saprophytes create toxins in the uterus
SEPTICEMIA
There is bacteria in the blood and the bacteria is multiplying there causing disease
SUBACUTE DISEASE
Between acute and chronic, often of a weeks duration
SYSTEMIC INFECTION
The infectious agent has gained access to the blood stream and has spread throughout the body.
SYMBIOSIS
A beneficial relationship between microorganisms and host
ex: the bacteria in the intestines
TOXEMIA
The presence of toxins (poisons) in the blood (is a general term)
(the toxin can come from many sources)
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
The study of the response of the animal to organisms that cause disease
Includes elements of: microbiology, pathology, and immunobiology
what can the morbid process affect?
It can affect the entire body or part of the body
What occurs in a diseased animal?
There is an interrupted function along with a change in sensation
what are the two broad categories of disease?
infectious and non infectious
what are the types of infectious diseases?
Parasitic, fungal, bacterial, viruses
are infectious diseases contagious?
yes
When the host is favoured in the relationship the symptoms are more ____________
mild
When the infectious agent is favored the symptoms are more ____________
severe
Do saprophytes cause disease?
they rarely cause disease
Where are saprophytes often found?
in the environment around decaying organic matter
(occasionally involved in rotting [putrefacation])
Do animals with septicemia always get sick?
yes
Do animals with bacteremia always get sick?
Not always, it depends on the microorganism in the blood
Do animals with toxemia always get sick?
yes
What are the types of host - microorganism relationships
Commensalism
Symbiosis
Parasitism
What are the stages of disease development?
Incubation Period
Period of illness
Period of convalescence
list factors that predispose animals to disease
their environment (sanitation, climate, stocking density)
low nutrition
previous existence of a disease
very young
very old
gender
heredity
breed
a relationship is established between ______________ and ________________
the host
the living agent
(often called the host-parasite relationship)
