Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P2 > Digestive System lab10 > Flashcards

Digestive System lab10 Flashcards

1
Q

which two parts of the digestive system can participate in the mechanical breakdown of food?

A

mouth and stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the stomachs role in mechanical breakdown?

A

churning and mixing action of the smooth muscle in the organ wall pummel the food and physically breaks it down into smaller pieces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

does chemical breakdown happen in the mouth and stomach if so, how?

A

yes.
mouth: salivary glands
stomach: pepsin, HCl, and acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the pharynx contributes to the process of digestion by….

A

swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the esophagus’ role in digestion is

A

delivering the food to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the small intestine is responsible for

A

chemical digestion, some mechanical digestion (segmentation) and absorption of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the large intestine is primarily involved in

A

the absorption of water and elimination of feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the process by which food is propelled from the pharynx to the stomach?

A

peristalsis in esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

esophagus:

A

long muscular tube that delivers food from the pharynx to the stomach by the process of peristalsis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

peristalsis:

A

alternating waves of contraction and relaxation of muscles in the organ walls.
main effect: squeeze food along the tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where does the majority of digestion and absorption occur in the gi tract?

A

the small intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

secretions from the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas are delivered to which organ?

A

small intestines.
the duodenum (first part of small intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

food is tasted by the ______ in the tastebuds of the tongue

A

chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the three sets of tonsils that are a part of the lymphatic system

A

pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the pharynx is what kind of muscle

A

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the pharynx is commonly called the throat and is divided into 3 regions

A

nasopharynx (posterior to nasal cavity)
oropharynx (posterior to oral cavity)
laryngopharynx (posterior to the larynx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the four layers that make up the wall of the digestive tract? list in order starting with the layer closes to the food in the lumen of the GI tract

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serousa (adventitia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the mucosa can be further divided into three layers….

A

epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is another name for serosa?

A

visceral peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which structures are part of the enteric nervous system?

A

submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do the submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus contribute to the digestive process?

A

nerve fibers are located in the wall of the GI that communicate widely with one another to regulate and coordinate digestive system activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the enteric nervous system

A

over 100 million neurons that communicate widely throughout the digestive system to regulate digestions
‘gut brain’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the submucosal nerve plexus is located in the

A

submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the myenteric nerve plexus is located

A

between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the muscularis externa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

which nervous plexus is located between the layers of the muscularis externa?

A

myenteric plexus
located between the muscle layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the muscularis mucosae is part of which layer?

A

mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

segmentation:

A

contractions that lead to mixing- no forward mixing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

peristalsis:

A

contractions that propel food forward in the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where does peristalsis happen?

A

muscularis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

the outer tunic is called

A

serousa or adventita depending on whether the organ is wrapped by the peritonium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

serosa is the term used for organs that…

A

are suspended in the mesentery (peritoneum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

serosa:

A

a connective tissue layer with an outer simple squamous epithelium called the mesothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

adventitia belongs to organs that….

A

are not suspended in mesentery and instead are embedded in the body wall

34
Q

adventitia:

A

a connective tissue layer that blends in with the rest of the connective tissue of the body wall

35
Q

which layer of the alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract can include either a stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium?

A

mucosa

36
Q

the mucosa contains two types of epethilium.
what are they and why?

A

the inner lining of the mucosa is composed of columnar epithelium for most of the GI tract,
but
areas that experience more abrasive forces the epithelium is stratified squamous

37
Q

which part of the digestive tract have stratified squamous in the mucosa

A

esophagus, oral cavity, anus

38
Q

which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis

A

muscularis externa

39
Q

what is the job of the esophagus?

A

to transmit food from the pharynx to the stomach

40
Q

how does the esophagus transmit food bolus to the stomach?

A

peristalsis

41
Q

which type of epithelium lines the esophagus?

A

stratified squamous
(the protective epithelium) because of undigested food that must pass through the lumen.

42
Q

is the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus keratinized?

A

NO

43
Q

what is true about the muscularis externa in the esophagus?

A

the muscularis externa has skeletal muscle in the upper regions of the esophagus, and smooth muscle in the lower regions.

44
Q

an empty stomach has a volume of…

A

50ml

45
Q

the stomach can hold about ______ of food when it is distended.

A

4L

46
Q

when empty, the stomach collapses inward, throwing its mucosa and submucosa into large longitudinal folds called

A

rugae

47
Q

what is the name of the large periotoneal fold that contains fat and hangs off the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

greater omentum

48
Q

what is the name of the fold in the wall of the stomach that allow the stomach to expand more than 10 times its size in order to accommodate large meals?

A

rugae

49
Q

what do parietal cells in the gastric glands secrete?

A

hydochloric acid and intrinsic factor

50
Q

what do chief cells secrete?

A

pepsinogen: an inactive form of the enzyme pepsin

51
Q

pepsinogen is converted to the active enzyme pepsin how?

A

the acidic environment of the stomach

52
Q

what is produced by enteroendocrine cells?

A

hormones

53
Q

where do enteroendocrine cells secrete hormones?

A

into the blood capillaries in the lamina propria of the mucosa.
the hormones travel through the bloodstream and influence the digestive process indirectly.

54
Q

what layer of the stomach contains gastric pits that secret mucus, acid, and digestive enzymes?

A

mucosa

55
Q

which of these structures is found in the stomach but nowhere else in the alimentary canal?

A

an oblique muscle layer

56
Q

which area of the stomach empties into the small intestines?

A

pylorus.
via pyloric sphincter

57
Q

what is the primary purpose of the small intestine?

A

chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients

58
Q

which part of the small intestine receives secretions from the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas?

A

duodenum

59
Q

secretions from the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas enter the small intestine (duodenum) through a duct controlled by

A

hepatopancreatic sphincter
sphincter of Oddi

60
Q

which part of the small intestine delivers chyme to the large intestine?

A

ileum.

61
Q

what is the name of the structure that anchors the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

mesentery

62
Q

what is the name of the permanent folds seen in the wall of the small intestine?

A

plicae circulares (circular folds)

63
Q

what is the function of the plicae circulares

A

slow down the flow of chyme through the small intestine and increase the surface area in order to increase the efficiency of absorption in the small intestine.

64
Q

what are the finger-like projections of mucosa in the small intestine that help increase the surface area for absorption?

A

villi

65
Q

villi:

A

finger-like projections of mucosa that are covering the surface of the plicae circularis in the small intestine

66
Q

the wall of the small intestine has 3 features that help to increase surface area for absorption. what are they? list from largest to smallest.

A

pilicae ciruclaris, villi, microvilli

67
Q

what structural modification of the small intestine slows the movement of chyme through the lumen?

A

circular folds (plicae circularis)

68
Q

which cells in the small intestine’s mucosa secrete mucus?

A

goblet cells

69
Q

which of these bests describes a lacteal?

A

a lymphatic vessel designed to help introduce fats to the blood.

70
Q

list the main sections of the large intestine in order

A

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmond colon, rectum, anal canal

71
Q

what is the epithelium in most of the large intestine?

A

simple columnar (with goblet cells)

72
Q

notable true characteristic features of the wall of the large intestine:

A

the outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle is incomplete in the muscularis externa
(results in the formation to tenia coli)

73
Q

teniae coli:

A

longitudinal strips of smooth muscle that are seen on the outer surface of the large intestine
a result of incomplete outer layer of the muscularis externa

74
Q

what are the 3 longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that can be seen from the external surface of the large intestine?

A

teniae coli

75
Q

what is the primary physiological function of the large intestine?

A

water absorption and feces elimination

76
Q

which sphincter prevents backwards flow (reflux) from the large intestine into the small intestine?

A

ileocecal sphincter

77
Q

which sphincter controls the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestines?

A

pyloric sphincter

78
Q

which sphincter prevents reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus?

A

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

79
Q

defecation requires

A

relaxation of both anal sphincters

80
Q

what is the largest lobe of the liver?

A

the right lobe

A&P2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions