Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cells meaning

A

The basic building blocks of all living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tissues meaning

A

Group of cells with similar structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Organs meaning

A

Group of tissues that perform on specific functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organ System meaning

A

Organs are organised into organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organisms meaning

A

The different organ systems make up an organism (human,frog)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Insoluble meaning

A

Cannot dissolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Soluble meaning

A

can dissolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Digestion ?

A

The breakdown of food into smaller soluble pieces that can diffuse into your blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enzyme meaning

A

A biological molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Order of the digestive system

A 
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens in the Salivary Glands?

A

Makes saliva which acts like a lubricant making it easier to swallow food
Amylase is present which breaks down starch into simple sugars
When food mixes with saliva in the mouth digestion begins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in the Oesophagus?

A

Mouth and stomach are connected by it

Moves the food quickly and easily to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in the Stomach?

A

it releases a type of enzyme called protease. This starts the chemical breakdown of protein.
The stomach also releases acid with a pH of about 2 or 3
Stomach acid does not break down food instead it reduces the pH of the stomach to the optimum level,also destroys pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long does it take for food to pass through the stomach and small intestine?

A

6-8 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens in the Liver?

A

produces a green liquid called Bile which helps to break down fats. Food does not pass through the liver it moves from the stomach to the small intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is bile an Enzyme?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gall Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens in the Pancreas?

A

the Pancreas produces carbohydrase ,enzymes,protease enzymes and lipase enzymes. The pancreas releases into the top section of the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens in the Small intestine?

A

Responsible for absorbing foods into the blood to where they are needed.

20
Q

What are villi?

A

microscopic finger like projections of the lining of your small intestine
They increase surface area and allow much more food to be digested and absorbed into the blood

21
Q

What does each tiny villus contain?

A

Blood capillaries providing rich blood supply to move digested food molecules to other parts of the body

22
Q

Villi adaptations

A

Folds in villi increase surface area
one cell thick so short diffusion path
good blood supply

23
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The walls of the digestive system has rings of muscle along the length
these contract to squash lumps of food
Peristalsis is a rhythmic contraction of the muscle

24
Q

Where does peristalsis happen?

A

In the oesophagus and small intestine

25
Q

What happens in the Large Intestine?

A

the large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and salts from the remaining digested food

26
Q

What type of food enters the Large intestine?

A

Indigestable food and water

27
Q

Defection definition

A

Removing solid waste from your body

28
Q

What happens in the anus?

A

Opening end of the digestive system

29
Q

what are the products and substrates of
Carbohydrase
Protease
Lipase

A

Substrates–
Carbohydrate
Proteins
Lipids

Products—
Sugars
Amino acids
Fatty acids and glycerol

30
Q

A substance that breaks down large globules of fat into tiny droplets but is not an enzyme is called a..

A

Emulsifier

31
Q

Is bile an acid or alkaline

A

Alkaline

32
Q

How do you test for Starch?

A

using a pipette add two drops of solution X into a spotting tile
Add two drops of iodine solution to this
If starch is present will turn BLUE/BLACK

33
Q

How do you test for Glucose?

A

Add 1cm^3 of solution X to a boiling tube
Add 10 drops of benedict’s reagent to this
place in a hot water bath (80) and leave for 5 mins
if glucose is present a BRICK RED PRECIPITATE will form
if not a Blue will stay

34
Q

How do you test for protein?

A

Add 2cm^3 of solution X to a test tube
add 2cm^3 of biuret solution
if protein is present a LIGHT LILAC COLOUR will form
if not the solution will be a cloudy blue

35
Q

How do you test for lipids?

A 
Half fill a test tube with water
add one drop of solution X
move test tube from side to side to mix
Place thumb over test tube and shake
If lipids are present an emulsion will form making the solution go from water to CLOUDY
36
Q

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

A

A model that explains the action of enzymes

37
Q

What is an active site?

A

The region of an enzyme that binds to its substrate

38
Q

What happens in the lock and key hypothesis?

A

The active site fits into the substrate
the enzyme and the substrate collide and become attached to the active site
the digestive enzyme then breaks the bonds holding the substrates together
finally the digestive enzymes releases the broken down substrate

39
Q

Enzymes work best at..

A

optimum temperature and pH

40
Q

What happens at optimum temperature?

A

They have the highest enzyme activity and the largest number of collisions takes place between the enzymes active site and the substrate molecules

41
Q

Denatured definition

A

A permanent change to an enzyme as a result of extremes of pH or high temperature, which stop it working

42
Q

what are enzymes denatured by

A

High temperatures and extremes of pH

43
Q

In the lock and key hypothesis how is enzyme denatured shown

A

When an enzyme is denatured the enzyme changes shape and no longer fits the substrate
the key will no longer fit the lock

44
Q

what is a buffer solution used for?

A

to control the pH

45
Q

What are the problems of the practical

Investigating the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of amylase enzyme

A

We are taking recordings every 30 seconds this means we have an approx time
address this by taking them every 10 secs

we are looking for the time the solution does not go blue/black
this is not always obv
address this by asking several people to look at it

46
Q

Explain the practical Investigating the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of amylase enzyme

A

Put one drop of iodine into each well of the spotting tile
get 3 test tubes one with 2cm^3 of starch
2cm^3 of amylase
and 2cm^3 of pH 5 buffer solution
place them all in a water bath at 30 degrees and leave them for 10 mins
combine all 3 solutions into one and stir with a stirring rod
every 30 secs add a drop to the spotting tile
see when the solution stays orange

repeat with pH 678

Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions