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Biology > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Artery definition

A

A large blood vessel that takes blood from the heart

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2
Q

Vein definition

A

A large blood vessel that returns blood to the heart

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3
Q

Capillary definition

A

Blood vessel that joins arteries and veins.Substances pass through capillary walls to and from the surrounding cells

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4
Q

what is the circulatory system composed of and what do they do?

A

the heart- which pumps blood around the body
blood-which carries the blood cells and key molecules around your body
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

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5
Q

What is the heart made out of?

A

Muscles and nerve tissue

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6
Q

what does the muscle do to push the blood and nerve tissue along the electrical impulses to make sure these contractions happen correctly

A

Contract and relax

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7
Q

What is the pacemaker section and where is it found?

A

Controls the rate of your heartbeat and is found in a bunch of cells in the top right chamber your right atrium

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8
Q

there are 4 chambers in your heart what are they called

A

Left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle

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9
Q

what do the right and left atria do?

A

collect the blood as it returns to your body

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10
Q

what do the ventricles do

A

the blood is pumped from the atria to the ventricles and the ventricles pump it around the rest of your body

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11
Q

do the blood on the left and right side ever mix?

A

no

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12
Q

what is meant by double circulation

A

the blood goes through the heart twice on every circulation

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13
Q

how long does it take when at rest

A

1 min

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14
Q

atrium definition

A

an upper chamber of the heart surrounded by a thin wall of muscle

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15
Q

ventricle definition

A

a lower chamber of the heart surrounded by a thicker wall of muscle

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16
Q

What does the right side of the heart do?

A

the right side pumps blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide

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17
Q

what does the left side of the heart do?

A

pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

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18
Q

explain blood flow through the heart

A

Blood returns from the lungs and is collected in the left atrium
when the heart contracts the blood is pumped into the left ventricle
here it is pumped a second time when the heart next contracts and goes to the rest of the body
this pushes blood high in oxygen to all the tissues and muscles that need it
the blood is then taken back to the right atrium by the vena cava
because it has been to all the tissues it is now low in oxygen and high CO2 levels
enters the right ventricle and pumped into the lungs
here diffusion removes the co2 and replenishes the oxygen
the blood then returns to where it began the left atrium

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19
Q

when blood comes from the lungs what does it consist of

A

high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide

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20
Q

what do the valves at the top of the atria do?

A

stop blood being pumped backwards and force it into the ventricles

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21
Q

where are there valves

A

between the atria and ventricles to stop blood going back into the atria when the ventricles contract

22
Q

why are the left ventricle walls thicker than the right?

A

the left ventricle needs to pumps blood further to the extremities of the body
the right only needs to pump it to the lungs.

23
Q

what are the three types of blood vessels

A

arteries
capillaries
veins

24
Q

what must arteries cope with and why

A

arteries must cope with blood under high pressure as it is being pumped to the ventricles

25
Q

adaptations of arteries

A

thick walls made from elastic and muscle tissue this allows them to stretch

26
Q

what is the aorta

A

the aorta is the main artery taking blood to the tissues and the organs

27
Q

what is the pulmonary artery

A

the main artery coming from the right side of the heart taking blood to the lungs

28
Q

what blood does the pulmonary artery carry

A

deoxygenated blood

29
Q

what do veins do

A

veins carry blood back to the heart at low pressure

30
Q

why is the blood travelling at low pressure to the veins

A

because the pressure was lost when it travelled through the arteries and veins

31
Q

adaptations of veins

A

veins are wider than arteries but have much thinner walls

one way valves to keep blood flowing in the correct direction

32
Q

what is the pulmonary vein

A

only vein to carry oxygenated blood

33
Q

what are capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels that spread out like roots of a plant through your tissues and organs

34
Q

adaptations of capillaries

A

extremely thin to allow as much oxygen to diffuse from the blood into the cells and as much co2 to diffuse the opposite way

35
Q

what is blood plasma and where does it pass through

A

the straw coloured liquid that carries our blood cells and dissolved molecules
and passes through the capillaries

36
Q

what does the blood plasma do?

A

bathes the cells and helps provide them with the oxygen glucose and other molecules they need

37
Q

why is blood red?

A

because it carries red blood cells and other cells and substances

38
Q

what is carried in your blood

A 
glucose
amino acids
fatty acids
glycerol
oxygen
co2
hormones and 
waste products
39
Q

haemoglobin definition

A

the protein in red blood cells that can temporarily bind with oxygen to carry it around your body

40
Q

oxyhaemoglobin definition

A

the name given to the substance formed when haemoglobin in your red blood cells temporarily binds with oxygen

41
Q

when blood is combined with oxygen what is the colour change

A

dark red to a brighter red

42
Q

how are red blood cells adapted to carrying oxygen

A

bioconcave shape gives a high surface area to volume ratio

no nucleus means there is more room for haemoglobin

43
Q

what are white blood cells

A

white blood cells are part of your immune system and they fight off invading pathogens

44
Q

what is one diff between red and white blood cells

A

white blood cells have a nucleus

45
Q

what are two types of white blood cells

A

phagocytes and lymphocytes

46
Q

phagocytes definition

A

a type of white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and uses enzymes to break them down

47
Q

lymphocytes definition

A

produces antibodies to help clump pathogens together for phagocytes to destroy

48
Q

platelets definition

A

small structures in your blood that fuse together to form a scab

49
Q

how do platelets form scabs

A

they release chemicals called clotting factors
these turn into fibrinogen into fibrin
forms a mesh and acts as a glue to help stick platelets together to form a scab

50
Q

what is in blood plasma

A

red and white blood cells and platelets are suspended in it

Biology (10 decks)

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