communicable diseases

Question 1

what are the coronary arteries

Answer 1

arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood

Question 2

what can an unhealthy lifestyle cause

Answer 2

build up if fatty material in the coronary arteries and a reduction in the flexibility of the artery lining
ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Question 3

What are factors of ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Answer 3

high blood pressure
smoking
drinking excessive amounts of alcohol
cholestrol
poor diet

Question 4

what do fatty deposits slow or stop?

Answer 4

they stop or slow the oxygenated blood reaching the cells of the heart
this can cause cells to eventually die or have a heart attack

Question 5

what is heart bypass

Answer 5

a medical procedure in which a section of less important artery is moved to allow blood to flow around a blockage in a more important one

Question 6

what is a stent

Answer 6

a small medical device made from mesh that keeps ther arteries open

Question 7

how is coronary heart disease being stopped

Answer 7

heart bypass

use of a stent

Question 8

how many valves does the heart have and what do they do

why is this bad?

Answer 8

the heart has 4 valves and they stop the blood from flowing backwards

this is bad because this reduces the effiency at which blood flows around the body meaning that there are fewer glucose oxygen and other molecules

Question 9

what drugs are prescribed to people to reduce blood cholesterol?

Answer 9

statin

Question 10

what happens to faulty valves

Answer 10

they do not open properly or close completely to stop back flow

Question 11

what can a faulty valve cause?

Answer 11

tiredness, dizziness, chest pain and breathelessness

Question 12

what is a common form of treatment for someone with a faulty valve

Answer 12

open heart surgery

where the valves are replaced by donor valves or artificial mechanical valves

Question 13

what are heart contractions controlled by

Answer 13

a pacemaker

Question 14

what happens if you are born or develop problems with your pacemaker

Answer 14

you have an artificial one fitted in

Question 15

what is a hole in the heart

Answer 15

two small gaps on either side of the heart

Question 16

why is a hole in the heart bad

Answer 16

the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood can mix

also reduces the amount of glucose oxygen and other molecules that reach the cells

Question 17

what is heart failure?

Answer 17

when a persons heart stops beating

Question 18

what is a cure for heart failure?

Answer 18

heart or lung transplant

Question 19

what is needed of all transplants

Answer 19

the donor and patient must be matched to stop the transplant being rejected by the patients immune system

Question 20

definition of health

Answer 20

state of physical and mental wellbeing

Question 21

4 ways that can improve your physical and mental wellbeing

Answer 21

a well balanced diet
regular exercise
reducing stress
seeking medical help for difficulties

Question 22

what does exercise improve

Answer 22

the effectiveness of your circulatory system

Question 23

communicable definition

Answer 23

develop without being caught

Question 24

what can happen if cell division goes wrong?

Answer 24

cancerous cells are produced

these cells can rapidly divide during mitosis and cause a lump or a tumour

Question 25

what is a rapid growth of cells called

Answer 25

uncontrolled cell division

Question 26

what are the two types of tumours?

Answer 26

malignant and benign

Question 27

malignant definition

Answer 27

cancerous tumour which can spread to other parts of the body

Question 28

benign definition

Answer 28

non cancerous , does not spread

Question 29

what is it called if the tumour spreads from one part to another and what does it cause

Answer 29

metastasis | secondary cancer

Question 30

what is benign usually contained within

Answer 30

a membrane

Question 31

signs of cancer

Answer 31

lump caused by a tumour unexplained bleeding a long term cough loss of weight without dieting

Question 32

what is it called when doctors look for cancer

Answer 32

screening

Question 33

what is screening

Answer 33

``` feeling a bump taking blood tests urine sample xray images use monoclonal antibodies ```

Question 34

what are the regular types of screening for women?

Answer 34

use of a xray machine for breast cancer-mammogram smear test looks for cervical cancer cells are collected from the cervix and put under a microscope to check abnormalities

Question 35

causes of cancer

Answer 35

``` smoking too much alcohol intake infections such as hepatitis B and C HPV genetic disorders caused by inheritance ionising radiation environmental pollutants ```

Question 36

two most common types of treatment against cancer

Answer 36

chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Question 37

what does chemotherapy use

Answer 37

powerful drugs to kill cancer cells

Question 38

what does radio therapy use

Answer 38

xrays to kill cancer cells

Question 39

what is the last form of care

Answer 39

palliative

Question 40

what happens when treatments against cancer kill cells nearby

Answer 40

feeling tired weak being sick losing hair

Question 41

risk factors definition

Answer 41

any aspect of your lifestyle or any substance in your body that increases the risk of a disease developing

Question 42

causation definition

Answer 42

the act of making something happen

Question 43

correlation definition

Answer 43

when an action and outcome are linked but the action does not necessarily cause the outcome

Question 44

what is carcinogen?

Answer 44

a cancer- causing substance

Question 45

what are the effects of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 45

Body cells do not respond to the hormone insulin. | which helps control the glucose level in the blood

Question 46

Name the two organs most likely to be damages by long term alcohol abuse and their effects?

Answer 46

Liver function- causes liver cirrhosis. the cells in the liver stop working and are replaced by scar tissue. This stops the liver from removing toxins, storing glucose as glycegon and making bile Brain function- alter the chemicals in the brain which pass messages between the nerve cells.This can cause anxiety and depression and reduced brain function

Question 47

What are the effects of smoking?

Answer 47

Can cause cancer in many parts of the body. | also increases the chances of having asthma,bronchitis and emphysema