Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 11 - Human Biology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

6 basic functions of the digestive system

A
  1. Ingestion (food+water)
  2. Mechanical digestion of food
  3. Chemical digestion of food
  4. Movement of food along the alimentary canal
  5. Absorption of digested food+water into blood+ lymph
  6. Eliminate material that is not absorbed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of Teeth (and function)

A

Teeth alignment: 2123

Incisors: 2, chisel shaped, used for biting and cutting
Canines: 1, conical shaped, used for tearing
Pre-molars: 2
Molars: 3
- both molars have broad crowns and rounded cusps for crushing and grinding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pepsin

A
  • Digestive enzyme
  • Begins the digestion of proteins into polypeptides
  • Acidic conditions in stomach = necessary for pepsin to work
  • Kills any bacteria that have entered the stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stomach

A
  • Performs mechanical digestion that begins the chemical digestion of proteins
    3 layers of muscle:
  • oblique
  • circular
  • longitudinal
    Layers work together to churn and mix food, turning to chyme.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gastric juice

A 
Contains:
- HCl
- Mucus 
- Pepsin (digestive enzyme)
Gastric glands secrete gastric juice. Located in gastric pit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Saliva

A
  • Made up of mucus and amylase (digestive enzyme)
  • Made by 3 pairs of salivary glands
  • Lubricates, dissolves and creates bolus.
  • Amylase chemical digestion of starch, also known as carbohydrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oesophagus

A
  • After food passes through the pharynx it enters the oesophagus
  • Has a 2 layers of muscle called longitudinal and circular muscle
  • Layers push bolus through the stomach by muscular contractions called peristalsis
  • The inner lining secretes mucus to lubricate walls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alimentary Canal

A
  • Continuous tube the runs from mouth to anus

- As food passes through, it is slowly digested and absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Physical break up of food by actions of structures

-Catabolic chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Break-up of larger food molecules using enzymes

-catabolic chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The Small Intestine

A
  • First section called duodenum
  • Inner lining (folded area): mucosa
  • Finger like projections: villi, help increase surface area
    Structure:
  • Villi
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Serosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Villi

A
  • Villi have a network of blood vessels inside the lymph vessel called a lacteal.
  • Cells lining the villi have microvilli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Absorption in small intestine

A
  • Products of digestion either enter blood capillaries or lacteals inside the villi through simple diffusion or active transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Absorption into intestinal cells using concentration gradient
- High to low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Active transport

A

The use of energy to take nutrients into the blood against the concentration gradient
- Low to high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Accessory Organs (liver, gall bladder and pancreas)

A

Food doesn’t pass through these structures, but still have an important role in the digestion of food.

  • Liver makes bile, stored in gall bladder
  • Bile enters duodenum through small duct, acts as detergent, emulsifies fat
  • Pancreatic juice enters duodenum through the same duct
17
Q

Method of absorption, products of digestion and the structure they enter

A 
- Simple diffusion: 
Fatty acids and glycerol (lacteal), 
Fat (lacteal)
Water soluble vitamins (blood)
- Active transport: 
Amino acids, monosaccharides (blood)
18
Q

Osmosis

A
  • Predominately associated with water movement
  • Same principal as diffusion (high-low)
  • Occurs across a differentially permeable membrane, some things pass through, others don’t
19
Q

The large intestine

A
  • No villi, no enzymes secreted
  • Large amount of mucus secreted
  • 18-24 hours to pass through
  • Bacteria break down remaining organic matter
  • Absorbs water, vitamins and minerals
  • Peristalsis moves food through
  • Semi solid material left after water absorption and faeces
20
Q

Faeces

A 
Contains:
- Bile pigments 
- Undigested food (cellulose) 
- Bacteria 
- Intestinal wall cells 
Elimination or dedication are the correct terms for the removal of faeces

Year 11 - Human Biology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions