Cell Structure

Question 1

The function of the Cell Membrane

Answer 1

Determines which substance get into or out of a cell

Question 2

Describe the Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Thick fluid, 70-90% water

Question 3

The function of the Cytoplasm

Answer 3

This is the material in which the cell contents are suspended

Question 4

Describe the Nuclear Membrane

Answer 4

A double membrane contains holes called Nuclear Pores

Question 5

The function of the Nuclear Membrane

Answer 5

Separates the Nucleus from the Cytoplasm

Question 6

Describe the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

Pairs of parallel membranes. Connected to the Nuclear Membrane. If they have Ribosomes attached they are called “rough Endoplasmic Reticulum”

Question 7

The function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

Provides a surface for chemical reactions

Question 8

Describe the Mitochondria (Mitochondrion if more then one)

Answer 8

Spherical and elongated structures spread through the Cytoplasm, has a double membrane, inner folded

Question 9

Function of the Mitochondria

Answer 9

Chemical reactions that occur on its inner membrane make energy for the cell from food molecules

Question 10

Describe the Centrioles

Answer 10

A pair of cylindrical structures usually located near the Nucleus

Question 11

The function of the Centrioles

Answer 11

The are necessary for Mitosis (a type of cell division)

Question 12

Describe the Nucleus

Answer 12

Usually Ovoid or spherical, contains genetic material

Question 13

Th function of the Nucleus

Answer 13

Contains genetic material (DNA) and contains cell functions

Question 14

Describe the Flagella

Answer 14

Whip-like Structure

Question 15

The function of the Flagella

Answer 15

This allows the sperm cell to swim towards the ovum

Question 16

Describe the Cilia/Microvilli

Answer 16

Short and numerous projections from the cell surface

Question 17

The function of the Cilia/Microvilli

Answer 17

Moves mucus and trapped particles towards the throat, allows large surface area for absorption of materials

Question 18

Describe the Cytoskeleton

Answer 18

Consists of a network of microtubels and microfilaments

Question 19

The function of the Cytoskeleton

Answer 19

Moves material around the cytoplasm or move the whole cell and creates shape and assist in assist in movement

Question 20

Describe the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 20

Flattened, membranous bags stacked on top of each other

Question 21

The function of the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 21

Modify proteins and to package the. For secretion from the cell

Question 22

Describe the Ribosomes

Answer 22

Very small and spherical Organelles

Question 23

The function of the Ribosomes

Answer 23

Amino acids are joined together to make proteins

Question 24

Describe the Inclusions

Answer 24

Substances, not part of the cell structure, but are found in the Cytoplasm

Question 25

Describe the Cell Membrane

Answer 25

A double layer of phospholipids and cholesterol molecules

Question 26

Describe the Fluid mosaic model

Answer 26

- The membrane is said to be fluid because the molecules are constantly changing position. - It is said to be mosaic because it is composed of many different kinds of molecules

Question 27

Waste products that pass from the cytoplasm into the tissue fluid

Answer 27

- CO2 | - Urea/Uric acid

Question 28

Useful products that pass from the cytoplasm into the tissue fluid

Answer 28

- Proteins | - Hormones

Question 29

Define Phospholipid

Answer 29

Lipid molecule containing a phosphate group

Question 30

Define bilayer

Answer 30

Two layers that make up a single membrane

Question 31

Define hydrophilic

Answer 31

Water-loving

Question 32

Define hydrophobic

Answer 32

Water-hating

Question 33

What is the role of the channel proteins

Answer 33

Allows ions, water and small molecules to pass through the cell membrane

Question 34

Function of cell membrane

Answer 34

- A physical barrier - Regulation of the passage of materials - Sensitivity - Support

Question 35

4 types of proteins that can be found embedded in the cell membrane

Answer 35

- Carrier - Channel - Receptor - Cell-identity

Question 36

Why is the cell membrane described as "differentially permeable"?

Answer 36

They allow certain ions and molecules to pass through, but not restrict the movement of others

Question 37

What are other terms that mean differentially permeable?

Answer 37

- Semipermeable | - Selectively permeable

Question 38

How does the cell membrane provide a physical barrier?

Answer 38

Separates the cell cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid around the cell

Question 39

How does the cell membrane provide regulation of the passage of materials?

Answer 39

``` Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell Examples: - Removal of wastes - Release of secretions - Entry of ions and nutrients ```

Question 40

How is the cell membrane sensitive

Answer 40

The cell membrane is the first part of the cell affected by any changes in the extracellular fluid - Has receptors that are sensitive to particular molecules in its immediate environment

Question 41

How does the cell membrane provide support

Answer 41

Internal parts of the cell membrane, attached to microfilaments of the cells cytoskeleton, giving support to the whole cell