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Year 11 - Human Biology > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the Cell Membrane

A

Determines which substance get into or out of a cell

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2
Q

Describe the Cytoplasm

A

Thick fluid, 70-90% water

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3
Q

The function of the Cytoplasm

A

This is the material in which the cell contents are suspended

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4
Q

Describe the Nuclear Membrane

A

A double membrane contains holes called Nuclear Pores

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5
Q

The function of the Nuclear Membrane

A

Separates the Nucleus from the Cytoplasm

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6
Q

Describe the Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Pairs of parallel membranes. Connected to the Nuclear Membrane. If they have Ribosomes attached they are called “rough Endoplasmic Reticulum”

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7
Q

The function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Provides a surface for chemical reactions

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8
Q

Describe the Mitochondria (Mitochondrion if more then one)

A

Spherical and elongated structures spread through the Cytoplasm, has a double membrane, inner folded

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9
Q

Function of the Mitochondria

A

Chemical reactions that occur on its inner membrane make energy for the cell from food molecules

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10
Q

Describe the Centrioles

A

A pair of cylindrical structures usually located near the Nucleus

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11
Q

The function of the Centrioles

A

The are necessary for Mitosis (a type of cell division)

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12
Q

Describe the Nucleus

A

Usually Ovoid or spherical, contains genetic material

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13
Q

Th function of the Nucleus

A

Contains genetic material (DNA) and contains cell functions

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14
Q

Describe the Flagella

A

Whip-like Structure

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15
Q

The function of the Flagella

A

This allows the sperm cell to swim towards the ovum

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16
Q

Describe the Cilia/Microvilli

A

Short and numerous projections from the cell surface

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17
Q

The function of the Cilia/Microvilli

A

Moves mucus and trapped particles towards the throat, allows large surface area for absorption of materials

18
Q

Describe the Cytoskeleton

A

Consists of a network of microtubels and microfilaments

19
Q

The function of the Cytoskeleton

A

Moves material around the cytoplasm or move the whole cell and creates shape and assist in assist in movement

20
Q

Describe the Golgi Apparatus

A

Flattened, membranous bags stacked on top of each other

21
Q

The function of the Golgi Apparatus

A

Modify proteins and to package the. For secretion from the cell

22
Q

Describe the Ribosomes

A

Very small and spherical Organelles

23
Q

The function of the Ribosomes

A

Amino acids are joined together to make proteins

24
Q

Describe the Inclusions

A

Substances, not part of the cell structure, but are found in the Cytoplasm

25
Q

Describe the Cell Membrane

A

A double layer of phospholipids and cholesterol molecules

26
Q

Describe the Fluid mosaic model

A
  • The membrane is said to be fluid because the molecules are constantly changing position.
  • It is said to be mosaic because it is composed of many different kinds of molecules
27
Q

Waste products that pass from the cytoplasm into the tissue fluid

A
  • CO2

- Urea/Uric acid

28
Q

Useful products that pass from the cytoplasm into the tissue fluid

A
  • Proteins

- Hormones

29
Q

Define Phospholipid

A

Lipid molecule containing a phosphate group

30
Q

Define bilayer

A

Two layers that make up a single membrane

31
Q

Define hydrophilic

A

Water-loving

32
Q

Define hydrophobic

A

Water-hating

33
Q

What is the role of the channel proteins

A

Allows ions, water and small molecules to pass through the cell membrane

34
Q

Function of cell membrane

A
  • A physical barrier
  • Regulation of the passage of materials
  • Sensitivity
  • Support
35
Q

4 types of proteins that can be found embedded in the cell membrane

A
  • Carrier
  • Channel
  • Receptor
  • Cell-identity
36
Q

Why is the cell membrane described as “differentially permeable”?

A

They allow certain ions and molecules to pass through, but not restrict the movement of others

37
Q

What are other terms that mean differentially permeable?

A
  • Semipermeable

- Selectively permeable

38
Q

How does the cell membrane provide a physical barrier?

A

Separates the cell cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid around the cell

39
Q

How does the cell membrane provide regulation of the passage of materials?

A 
Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
Examples:
- Removal of wastes 
- Release of secretions
- Entry of ions and nutrients
40
Q

How is the cell membrane sensitive

A

The cell membrane is the first part of the cell affected by any changes in the extracellular fluid
- Has receptors that are sensitive to particular molecules in its immediate environment

41
Q

How does the cell membrane provide support

A

Internal parts of the cell membrane, attached to microfilaments of the cells cytoskeleton, giving support to the whole cell

Year 11 - Human Biology (20 decks)

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