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Biology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Digestive tract (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine)

A

Alimentary canal

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1
Q

Process of breaking down good so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream

A

Digestion

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2
Q

Liver, gall bladder, pancreas, salivary glands

A

Accessory organs

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3
Q

Inner most layer of alimentary canal

A

Mucous

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4
Q

Contains blood vessels and nerves

A

Submucosa

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5
Q

Pushes food

A

Muscular

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6
Q

Outer protection layer reduces friction

A

Serous

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7
Q

Name 3 functions of mucous layer

A

Secretes mucous
Releases enzymes
Absorbs

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8
Q

Name 2 functions of sub mucosa layer

A

1) transports materials from digestive canal to blood

2) give nutrients to other layers

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9
Q

Breaks down food

A

Mouth

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10
Q

Area inside the teeth

A

Oral cavity

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11
Q

Area between teeth and gumline

A

Vestibule

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12
Q

Front of root of mouth

A

Hard palate

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13
Q

Back of roof of mouth

A

Soft palate

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14
Q

Projection of soft palate that hangs down In back of throat

A

Uvula

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15
Q

Lymphatic tissue that fights infection in back of throat

A

Tonsils

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16
Q

Process of chewing

A

Mastication

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17
Q

Main component of teeth

A

Dentin

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18
Q

Center of tooth

A

Pulp cavity

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19
Q

Narrow tunnel that blood vessels and nerves run through

A

Root canal

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20
Q

Base of tooth

A

Root

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21
Q

Connect teeth to jaw

A

Peridontal ligament

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22
Q

Connects tooth to gum

A

Cementum

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23
Q

Cavities

A

Caries

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24
Q

Visible part of tooth

A

Crown

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25
Q

Infection of the gum

A

Gingivitis

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26
Q

Covering of tooth

A

Enamel

27
Q

Cut teeth, front, 8

A

Incisors

28
Q

Tear food, 4

A

Cuspids

29
Q

Crush food, 8

A

Premolars

30
Q

Grind, 12

A

Molars

31
Q

Name 5 functions of salivary gland

A

1) moisten food
2) binds food together
3) starts digestion
4) cleans mouth
5) regulates pH

32
Q

Found in cheeks 25% of saliva

A

Parotid

33
Q

Found in lower jaw 70% of saliva

A

Submandibular

34
Q

Found under the tongue 5% of saliva

A

Sublingual

35
Q

Breaks down starch

A

Amylase

36
Q

Liquefy and lower acidity

A

Mucous

37
Q

Viral infection of the salivary glands

A

Mumps

38
Q

Digests fats

A

Lipase

39
Q

Increase saliva releases

A

Parasympathetic

40
Q

Decreases saliva release

A

Sympathetic

41
Q

Common pathway for air, water, an food that connects mouth to esophagus

A

Pharynx

42
Q

5 steps of swallowing

A

1) tongue goes up
2) soft palate goes up
3) food is pushed back
4) larynx rises
5) epiglottis covers trachea

43
Q

Tube that conducts mouth to stomach

A

Esophagus

44
Q

Area over esophagus

A

Cardiac region of stomach

45
Q

Overflow area In upper part of stomach

A

Fundic region

46
Q

Area near duodenum

A

Pyloric region of stomach

47
Q

Base of stomach where acids are released

A

Body

48
Q

Material that leaves stomach

A

Chyme

49
Q

Valve between esophagus and stomach

A

Cardiac sphincter

50
Q

Valve between stomach and duodenum

A

Pyloric sphincter

51
Q

First 6 inches of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

52
Q

Creates enzymes to break down sugars, proteins, and starches

A

Pancreas

53
Q

Secretes Insulin

A

Endocrine

54
Q

Secretes pancreatic juice

A

Exocrine

55
Q

Creates bile largest internal organ

A

Liver

56
Q

6 functions of liver

A

1) breaks down fats
2) secrets bile
3) detoxifies blood
4) breaks down protein
5) breaks down carbs
6) stores vitamins

57
Q

Stores extra bile

A

Gall bladder

58
Q

8 feet long part of small intestine, most absorption occurs here

A

Jejunum

59
Q

Last 12 feet of small intestine, connects to colon

A

Ileum

60
Q

Opening in intestine that food moves through

A

Lumen

61
Q

Folds in intestine

A

Plicae

62
Q

absorbs water and some minerals

A

Large intestine

63
Q

Amount of heat needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius

A

calorie

64
Q

1000 calories

A

Calorie

65
Q

Name 6 nutrients and what they do

A

1) water-needed for chemical reactions
2) carbs- give energy
3) fats- protect, insulate, store energy
4) proteins- growth repair transport
5) vitamins- Control cell processes
6) minerals- help build tissue

66
Q

Raw materials for bodily functions and processes

A

Nutrients

Biology (16 decks)

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