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Digestive System Flashcards

0
Q

Digestive tract (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine)

A

Alimentary canal

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1
Q

Process of breaking down good so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream

A

Digestion

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2
Q

Liver, gall bladder, pancreas, salivary glands

A

Accessory organs

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3
Q

Inner most layer of alimentary canal

A

Mucous

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4
Q

Contains blood vessels and nerves

A

Submucosa

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5
Q

Pushes food

A

Muscular

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6
Q

Outer protection layer reduces friction

A

Serous

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7
Q

Name 3 functions of mucous layer

A

Secretes mucous
Releases enzymes
Absorbs

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8
Q

Name 2 functions of sub mucosa layer

A

1) transports materials from digestive canal to blood

2) give nutrients to other layers

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9
Q

Breaks down food

A

Mouth

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10
Q

Area inside the teeth

A

Oral cavity

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11
Q

Area between teeth and gumline

A

Vestibule

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12
Q

Front of root of mouth

A

Hard palate

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13
Q

Back of roof of mouth

A

Soft palate

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14
Q

Projection of soft palate that hangs down In back of throat

A

Uvula

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15
Q

Lymphatic tissue that fights infection in back of throat

A

Tonsils

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16
Q

Process of chewing

A

Mastication

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17
Q

Main component of teeth

A

Dentin

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18
Q

Center of tooth

A

Pulp cavity

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19
Q

Narrow tunnel that blood vessels and nerves run through

A

Root canal

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20
Q

Base of tooth

A

Root

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21
Q

Connect teeth to jaw

A

Peridontal ligament

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22
Q

Connects tooth to gum

A

Cementum

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23
Q

Cavities

A

Caries

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24
Visible part of tooth
Crown
25
Infection of the gum
Gingivitis
26
Covering of tooth
Enamel
27
Cut teeth, front, 8
Incisors
28
Tear food, 4
Cuspids
29
Crush food, 8
Premolars
30
Grind, 12
Molars
31
Name 5 functions of salivary gland
1) moisten food 2) binds food together 3) starts digestion 4) cleans mouth 5) regulates pH
32
Found in cheeks 25% of saliva
Parotid
33
Found in lower jaw 70% of saliva
Submandibular
34
Found under the tongue 5% of saliva
Sublingual
35
Breaks down starch
Amylase
36
Liquefy and lower acidity
Mucous
37
Viral infection of the salivary glands
Mumps
38
Digests fats
Lipase
39
Increase saliva releases
Parasympathetic
40
Decreases saliva release
Sympathetic
41
Common pathway for air, water, an food that connects mouth to esophagus
Pharynx
42
5 steps of swallowing
1) tongue goes up 2) soft palate goes up 3) food is pushed back 4) larynx rises 5) epiglottis covers trachea
43
Tube that conducts mouth to stomach
Esophagus
44
Area over esophagus
Cardiac region of stomach
45
Overflow area In upper part of stomach
Fundic region
46
Area near duodenum
Pyloric region of stomach
47
Base of stomach where acids are released
Body
48
Material that leaves stomach
Chyme
49
Valve between esophagus and stomach
Cardiac sphincter
50
Valve between stomach and duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
51
First 6 inches of the small intestine
Duodenum
52
Creates enzymes to break down sugars, proteins, and starches
Pancreas
53
Secretes Insulin
Endocrine
54
Secretes pancreatic juice
Exocrine
55
Creates bile largest internal organ
Liver
56
6 functions of liver
1) breaks down fats 2) secrets bile 3) detoxifies blood 4) breaks down protein 5) breaks down carbs 6) stores vitamins
57
Stores extra bile
Gall bladder
58
8 feet long part of small intestine, most absorption occurs here
Jejunum
59
Last 12 feet of small intestine, connects to colon
Ileum
60
Opening in intestine that food moves through
Lumen
61
Folds in intestine
Plicae
62
absorbs water and some minerals
Large intestine
63
Amount of heat needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius
calorie
64
1000 calories
Calorie
65
Name 6 nutrients and what they do
1) water-needed for chemical reactions 2) carbs- give energy 3) fats- protect, insulate, store energy 4) proteins- growth repair transport 5) vitamins- Control cell processes 6) minerals- help build tissue
66
Raw materials for bodily functions and processes
Nutrients

Biology (16 decks)

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