Chapter 10 Flashcards
Small cells have ___ S/A vol. ratio
High
What are the 2 reasons for cells to divide
1) DNA can’t control a big cell
2) Nutrients can’t get all the way in and wastes can’t get out
Larger cells have ___ S/A vol. ratio
Lower
Contain DNA (short and fat)
Chromosomes
Long and thin when cells are growing and doing normal functions
Chromatin
Copies of chromosomes that are made during mitosis
Chromatids
Structure that holds copies of chromatids together
Centromere
Growing phase of cell
Interphase
Divides the nucleus into two identical parts
Mitosis
Division of the cytoplasm and organelles into two parts
Cytokinesis
Cell grows
G1 phase
DNA replication occurs
S phase
Growing getting ready for mitosis
G2 phase
What 4 things occur in prophase
1) Chromatin become chromosomes
2) Nuclear membrane disappears
3) Centrioles move to the poles
4) Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
What occurs during metaphase
Chromosomes line up at the equator
What 2 things occur during anaphase
Centromeres divide
Chromosomes pull to the ends of the cell
What 4 things during telophase
1) chromosomes are at the poles
2) chromosomes turn into chromatin
3) nuclear membrane reappears
4) cytokinesis occurs
Proteins that regulate cell reproduction
Cyclins
Abnormally high rate of cell division that causes new cells to lose their ability to function properly
Cancer
Cell masses that can cause harm to body
Tumors
Will spread into other body tissues
Malignant tumor
Do not spread into other tissues
Benign tumor
Reproduce new cells
Stem cells
Can turn into any type of tissue
Embryo
