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Bones And Joints Flashcards

0
Q

Protein that makes up 32% of bones

A

Collagen

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1
Q

5 functions of bones

A 
1 Attachments for muscles 
2 give shape 
3 protect structures 
4 store minerals
5 produce blood
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2
Q

Make collogen

A

Osteoblasts

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3
Q

Bone cells makes up 2% of bone structure

A

Osteocytes

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4
Q

Makes bones hard and dense 66% of bone structure

A

Calcium phosphate

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5
Q

Circular rings that contain osteocytes

A

Lamellae

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6
Q

Compartments that contain osteocytes

A

Lacunae

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7
Q

Outer protection covering of bones that are an attachment point for muscles

A

Periosteum

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8
Q

Blood vessels and nerves run through this

A

Haversian canals

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9
Q

Found in the ends of bones- losely packed

A

Spongy bone

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10
Q

Very compacted- not many holes- found in shaft

A

Compact bone

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11
Q

Make RBC’s players and WBC’s/found in spongy bone

A

Red marrow

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12
Q

Makes fat/ found in centers of long bones

A

Yellow marrow

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13
Q

Ends of bones

A

Epiphysis

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14
Q

Shaft of bones

A

Diaphysis

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15
Q

Center opening of bones

A

Medullary cavity

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16
Q

Anything our body pivots on

A

Axial

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17
Q

Extremity on our body

A

Appendicular

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18
Q

Most of bones in human body

A

Endochondral bones

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19
Q

Tough cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

Harden

A

Ossification

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21
Q

Growth plate

A

Epiphyseal disk

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22
Q

4 factors affecting bone growth

A

Sunlight
Nutrition
Hormone secretion
Physical exercise

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23
Q

In position- does not break the skin

A

Simple fracture (closed)

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24
Out of position- breaks through skin
Compound fracture (open)
25
5 repair steps of fractures
``` 1 Hematoma forms 2 osteoblasts form 3 spongy bone forms 4 spongy bone ossifies 5 compact bone forms ```
26
Point where 2 bones meet
Joint
27
Immovable joints ex) skull
Synarthrotic
28
Slightly movable joints ex) vertebrae
Amphioarthrotic
29
Freely movable joints ex) knee, elbow
Diarthrotic
30
List 6 types of diarthrotic joints and an example
``` Ball and socket ex) shoulder Hinge ex) elbow Saddle ex) between thumb and hand Pivot ex) between head and neck Candyloid ex) between hand and finger Gliding ex) ankles and wrist ```
31
Decrease angle of the joint
Flex ion
32
Increase angle of the join
Extension
33
Increasing an angle over 180 degrees
Hyperextension
34
Pulling foot up
Dorsiflexion
35
Pointing toe down
Plantar flex ion
36
Away from mid-line
Abduction
37
Close to mid-line
Addiction
38
Turning motion
Rotation
39
Palms up
Supination
40
Palms down
Pronation
41
Sole of foot goes out
Eversion
42
Sole of foot goes in
Inversion
43
Raising a body part
Elevation
44
Lowering a body part
Depression
45
Towards the front of an organism
Anterior
46
End of an organism
Posterior
47
Back
Dorsal
48
Belly side
Ventral
49
Towards head
Cranial
50
Tail
Caudal
51
Inside
Medial
52
Outside
Lateral
53
Partial dislocation
Subluxation dislocation
54
Complete dislocation
Luxation dislocation
55
Stretch a ligaments
Sprains
56
Stretch a tendon/muscle
Strain
57
Swollen buisal sacs
Bursitis
58
Swelling in a joint
Arthritis
59
WBC's damage tissue
Rheumatoid arthritis
60
Wear and tear on joints
Osteoarthritis
61
Hallow spot in skull
Sinuses
62
Most common in human body, contain synovial fluid and articular cartilage
Synovial joints
63
Lubricates
Synovial fluid
64
What are 2 things articular cartilage does
Reduces friction | Spreads out compression on bones
65
Surrounds joint to keep fluid in
Joint capsule
66
Wedges of tissue that stabilize and cushion joint
Meniscus
67
Sacs that are filled with fluid to reduce friction
Bursal sacs
68
Connect Muscle to bone
Tendons
69
Connect bone to bone
Ligaments
70
Muscle to bone
Patellar tendon
71
List the 5 steps of bone development
``` Starts as cartilage Hardens to form periosteum Bone ossifies Blood vessels form, bone becomes spongy Bone hardens from inside to outside ```

Biology (16 decks)

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