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Biology > Bones And Joints > Flashcards

Bones And Joints Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Protein that makes up 32% of bones

A

Collagen

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1
Q

5 functions of bones

A 
1 Attachments for muscles 
2 give shape 
3 protect structures 
4 store minerals
5 produce blood
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2
Q

Make collogen

A

Osteoblasts

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3
Q

Bone cells makes up 2% of bone structure

A

Osteocytes

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4
Q

Makes bones hard and dense 66% of bone structure

A

Calcium phosphate

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5
Q

Circular rings that contain osteocytes

A

Lamellae

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6
Q

Compartments that contain osteocytes

A

Lacunae

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7
Q

Outer protection covering of bones that are an attachment point for muscles

A

Periosteum

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8
Q

Blood vessels and nerves run through this

A

Haversian canals

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9
Q

Found in the ends of bones- losely packed

A

Spongy bone

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10
Q

Very compacted- not many holes- found in shaft

A

Compact bone

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11
Q

Make RBC’s players and WBC’s/found in spongy bone

A

Red marrow

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12
Q

Makes fat/ found in centers of long bones

A

Yellow marrow

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13
Q

Ends of bones

A

Epiphysis

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14
Q

Shaft of bones

A

Diaphysis

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15
Q

Center opening of bones

A

Medullary cavity

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16
Q

Anything our body pivots on

A

Axial

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17
Q

Extremity on our body

A

Appendicular

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18
Q

Most of bones in human body

A

Endochondral bones

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19
Q

Tough cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

Harden

A

Ossification

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21
Q

Growth plate

A

Epiphyseal disk

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22
Q

4 factors affecting bone growth

A

Sunlight
Nutrition
Hormone secretion
Physical exercise

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23
Q

In position- does not break the skin

A

Simple fracture (closed)

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24
Q

Out of position- breaks through skin

A

Compound fracture (open)

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25
Q

5 repair steps of fractures

A 
1 Hematoma forms
2 osteoblasts form
3 spongy bone forms
4 spongy bone ossifies 
5 compact bone forms
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26
Q

Point where 2 bones meet

A

Joint

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27
Q

Immovable joints ex) skull

A

Synarthrotic

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28
Q

Slightly movable joints ex) vertebrae

A

Amphioarthrotic

29
Q

Freely movable joints ex) knee, elbow

A

Diarthrotic

30
Q

List 6 types of diarthrotic joints and an example

A 
Ball and socket ex) shoulder
Hinge ex) elbow
Saddle ex) between thumb and hand
Pivot ex) between head and neck
Candyloid ex) between hand and finger
Gliding ex) ankles and wrist
31
Q

Decrease angle of the joint

A

Flex ion

32
Q

Increase angle of the join

A

Extension

33
Q

Increasing an angle over 180 degrees

A

Hyperextension

34
Q

Pulling foot up

A

Dorsiflexion

35
Q

Pointing toe down

A

Plantar flex ion

36
Q

Away from mid-line

A

Abduction

37
Q

Close to mid-line

A

Addiction

38
Q

Turning motion

A

Rotation

39
Q

Palms up

A

Supination

40
Q

Palms down

A

Pronation

41
Q

Sole of foot goes out

A

Eversion

42
Q

Sole of foot goes in

A

Inversion

43
Q

Raising a body part

A

Elevation

44
Q

Lowering a body part

A

Depression

45
Q

Towards the front of an organism

A

Anterior

46
Q

End of an organism

A

Posterior

47
Q

Back

A

Dorsal

48
Q

Belly side

A

Ventral

49
Q

Towards head

A

Cranial

50
Q

Tail

A

Caudal

51
Q

Inside

A

Medial

52
Q

Outside

A

Lateral

53
Q

Partial dislocation

A

Subluxation dislocation

54
Q

Complete dislocation

A

Luxation dislocation

55
Q

Stretch a ligaments

A

Sprains

56
Q

Stretch a tendon/muscle

A

Strain

57
Q

Swollen buisal sacs

A

Bursitis

58
Q

Swelling in a joint

A

Arthritis

59
Q

WBC’s damage tissue

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

60
Q

Wear and tear on joints

A

Osteoarthritis

61
Q

Hallow spot in skull

A

Sinuses

62
Q

Most common in human body, contain synovial fluid and articular cartilage

A

Synovial joints

63
Q

Lubricates

A

Synovial fluid

64
Q

What are 2 things articular cartilage does

A

Reduces friction

Spreads out compression on bones

65
Q

Surrounds joint to keep fluid in

A

Joint capsule

66
Q

Wedges of tissue that stabilize and cushion joint

A

Meniscus

67
Q

Sacs that are filled with fluid to reduce friction

A

Bursal sacs

68
Q

Connect Muscle to bone

A

Tendons

69
Q

Connect bone to bone

A

Ligaments

70
Q

Muscle to bone

A

Patellar tendon

71
Q

List the 5 steps of bone development

A 
Starts as cartilage
Hardens to form periosteum
Bone ossifies
Blood vessels form, bone becomes spongy 
Bone hardens from inside to outside

Biology (16 decks)

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