Digestion and absorption

Question 1

what happens during digestion?

Answer 1

large biological molecules are hydrolysed into smaller molecules tat can be absorbed across cell membranes

Question 2

what enzyme hydrolyses starch to maltose?

Answer 2

amylase

Question 3

where is amylase produced

Answer 3

salivary glands, released into the mouth
pancreas, released into the small intestine

Question 4

what enzyme hydrolyses maltose (disaccharide) to glucose (monosaccharide)

Answer 4

maltase

Question 5

where do maltose molecules get hydrolysed into glucose molecules?

Answer 5

the small intestine

Question 6

where are maltase enzymes located?

Answer 6

attached to the epithelial cells lining the ileum of the small intestine

Question 7

whats the funtion of maltase

Answer 7

hydrolyse glycosidic bonds between maltose

Question 8

what are the three main disaccharides?

Answer 8

maltose
fructose
galactose

Question 9

what are the three main disaccharidases?

Answer 9

maltase
sucrase
lactase

Question 10

what enzyme hydrolyses lipids?

Answer 10

lipase

Question 11

where are bile salts produced?

Answer 11

the liver

Question 12

what is the role of bile salts?

Answer 12

emulsify lipids to smaller lipid droplets (increases surface area) help speed up the action of lipases

Question 13

where is lipase made and released into?

Answer 13

made in the pancreas, released into the small intestine

Question 14

what’s the role of lipase?

Answer 14

hydrolyse lipids into monoglycerides and fatty acids, breaking ester bonds

Question 15

what are micelles?

Answer 15

monoglycerides, fatty acids and bile salts stuck together

Question 16

what’s the role of endopeptidases?

Answer 16

hydrolyse peptide bonds within a protein (centre)
break protein into 2 or smaller peptides

Question 17

what’s the role of exopeptidases?

Answer 17

hydrolyse peptide bonds at the ends of the protein molecule
removing a single amino at the ends

Question 18

role of dipeptidiases?

Answer 18

hydrolyse peptide bond between a dipeptide
> 2 amino acids

Question 19

suggest and explain why the combined actions of endopeptidases and exopeptidases are more efficent than exopeptidases on their own

Answer 19

1) endopeptidaes hydrolyse internal peptide bonds
2) more ends increase surface area

Question 20

how are sodium ions actively transported out of epithelial cells lining he ileum into the blood?

Answer 20

1) sodium ions actively transported out of epthelial cells lining the ileum, into the blood, by the sodium potassium pump
2)sodium ions and glucose move my facilitated diffusion into the epithelial cell from the lumen via a co transporter protein
3)creating a concentration gradient of glucose (high in cell than blood)
4) glucose moves into blood via facilitated diffusion through a protein channel