DIFFUSION-ADOPTION Flashcards
DEFINITION OF TERMS
A ___________ is a design for instrumental action that reduces the uncertainty in the cause- effect relationships involved in achieving a desired outcome.
technology
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Most technologies have two components:
1) _______, consisting of tool that embodies the technology as a material or physical object and
2) ________, consisting of the
knowledge base for the tool.
hardware
software
DEFINITION OF TERMS
An _______ is an idea, practice or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption.
innovation
DEFINITION OF TERMS
A diffusion of innovation with in a
social system takes place through its ________ by individual or groups.
_________ is a decision to make full use of an innovation as the best course of action available.
Adoption
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Spread of those innovations through a population, and is simply the result of a host of individual adoption decisions.
If individual adoption decisions are, to an extent, predictable, then the larger diffusion process is also predictable. It follows a pattern, and that element of predictability has substantial implications.
Therefore the diffusion process can be explained with the terms given by Rogers as “the spread of a new idea from its source of invention or creation to its ultimate use of adopters”.
DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION
*Defined as the spreading of information from a source to its intended or unintended receivers or users and the stages through which adoption passes.
*A process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system.
DIFFUSION PROCESS
DIFFUSION PROCESS
1.Awareness
2. Interest
3. Evaluation
4. Trial
5. Adoption
DIFFUSION PROCESS
-Stage when a person knows that an idea exists but lacks details and information about it.
1.Awareness
DIFFUSION PROCESS
-Stage when a person seeks more factual information as to what it is, how it works and what its advantage are
- Interest
DIFFUSION PROCESS
-When an individual shows marked interest in the idea as it applies to his farming operation and family.
- Evaluation
DIFFUSION PROCESS
-stage whereby an individual has weighed the advantages and risks involved and whether he can try it on a small scale, the individual actually applies the new idea on a small scale in order to determine its utility in his own situation
- Trial
DIFFUSION PROCESS
-as the final stage of the diffusion process which is described as full/large scale and continuous use of the idea.
- Adoption
CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION
- Relative Advantage
- Compatibility
- Complexity
- Trialability
- Observability
CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION
-Degree to which a farmer perceives the innovation as better than the idea he or she is currently practicing.
-Economic profitability, multiple usage, location
-More relative advantage are likely to be adopted quickly
- Relative Advantage
CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION
-The degree to which a farmer perceives the innovation/ new idea to be consistent with his socio-cultural values and beliefs, and with previously introduced ideas and felt needs.
-Ensures greater security and less risk to the receiver and makes the new idea more meaningful to him.
- Compatibility
CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION
-The degree to which a farmer can understand and follow an innovation
-Any new idea can be classified on a complexity-simplicity continuum
-Complexity of innovation is inversely related to its rate of adoption
- Complexity
CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION
-Degree to which an innovation can be experimented or duplicated on a small scale basis
-divisible innovations
-Result of the trial, if successful, not only minimizes risk and insecurity but also opportunity to evaluate an innovation
- Trialability
CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION
-Degree to which the results of an innovation can easily be observed by farmers
-directly proportional to the adoption of innovations
-Visible impact of an innovation facilitates the diffusion in the social system.
- Observability
REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION
- Perception of the technology by the farmer under his situation as superior and _________ than the existing technology or the other way.
relatively advantageous
REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION
- The farmer’s _________ towards the technology which in turn depends upon his socio-economic status which include his education, family size, type, herd size, income, etc.
knowledge and attitude
REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION
- The __________ and number of extension personnel per thousand farm families and or thousand animals.
quality of extension service
REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION
- The extent to which the ______ facilities and support services are accessible to the farmers.
requisite infrastructure
REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION
- The __________ also influence adoption or diffusion
Biophysical Environment
REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION
- The ___________ -
differences in access to resource such as capital, availability of credit, farms size, farmer’s individual need for change.
Socio-economic Factors
CLIENTELE CHARACTERISTICS FOR ADOPTION
- educational level
- family size
- farmer’s experience
- family aspiration
- tenure status
- value and belief systems
- personality characteristics
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGE AGENT
_________ refers to the competency, trustworthiness and dynamism of the change agent as perceived by clients
Credibility-
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGE AGENT
_________ degree to which the change agent has rapport with the clientele, his sense of belongingness.
Homophily -
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGE AGENT
_________ personal attributes such as intelligence, emphatic ability, commitment, resourcefulness, concern for farm people, ability to communicate, persuasiveness and development orientation
Personality traits-
REASONS FOR ADOPTION/
REJECTION
Blame
Individual Blame Hypothesis
System-Blame Hypothesis
Pro Innovation Bias
- Make sure that the critical elements in technology adoption are the characteristics of technology, socio-personal characteristics of the farmer, quality of extension and accessibility of infrastructure facilities, which are appropriate and matching.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF
ADOPTION
- Make sure that the technology developed addresses the need of the farmers and is definitely superior to the existing technology. The researcher must be in close touch with the user of his/her technology starting from planning the research project to the final evaluation of the project.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF
ADOPTION
- Field-testing of technologies is essential for identifying the conditions suitable for technology adoption as well as for modifying it to suit the requirements of the target group. It is worth conducting on farm trials to test and evaluate the technologies.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF
ADOPTION
- Efforts must be made to educate the farmers to improve their knowledge and skill to change their attitude favorable to the technologies.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF
ADOPTION
- The knowledge of the farmer which is a pre-requisite to the adoption could be reinforced through a combination of communications media, such as Radio, TV and through demonstrations and group discussions
IMPROVING THE RATE OF
ADOPTION
- The extension agencies must strive hard to translate the technologies into suitable messages so as to enable the illiterate farmers to understand the message without any ambiguity.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF
ADOPTION
- Motivation of the farmers to increase production.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF
ADOPTION
- Constant interaction between the scientists, extension personnel and farmers to discuss various issues pertaining to technology development, processing, refinement and utilization.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF
ADOPTION
- Making sure that all the necessary technical inputs in adequate quantities
IMPROVING THE RATE OF
ADOPTION
10.Efficient livestock marketing network must be created in the area as it motivates the farmers to improve the production.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF
ADOPTION
CLASSIFICATION OF ADOPTERS
a) Innovators (Venturesome)
b) Early adopters (Respectable)
c) Early majority (Deliberate)
d) Late majority (Skeptical)
e) Laggards (Traditional)
CLASSIFICATION OF ADOPTERS
-States that individuals who are
risk-takers or otherwise
innovative will adopt an
innovation earlier in the
continuum of adoption/diffusion.
Individual Innovativeness Theory
CLASSIFICATION OF ADOPTERS
-Degree to which an individual is
relatively earlier in adopting new
ideas than the other members of
the system.
-It is the best single indicator of
modernization
Innovativeness
CLASSIFICATION OF ADOPTERS
-Degree to which an individual is
relatively earlier in adopting new
ideas than the other members of
the system.
-It is the best single indicator of
modernization
Innovativeness
CLASSIFICATION OF ADOPTERS
-It is defined as the process by
which individuals change from a
traditional way of life to a more
complex, technologically
advanced, and rapidly changing
style of life.
Modernization
