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y2s2 - differentiation > Diff7 - 22 > Flashcards

Diff7 - 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Spemann organiser?

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

Where is the Nieuwkopp centre?

A

Endoderm

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3
Q

Outline the endoermal signal pathway

A

Veg1/VgT > nodal/beta-catenin > nieukoop > spemann organiser

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4
Q

How is the mesoderm subdivided?

A

BMP/BMP-antagonistic signals

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5
Q

What are the epaxial muscles?

A

Deep back muscles

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6
Q

What are the hypaxial muscles?

A

Limb, body wall and abdominal

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7
Q

What does the ventral somite become?

A

Epithelia/mesenchymal; sclerotome > cartilage and bones

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8
Q

What does dorsal somite become?

A

Epithelia/demomyotome; medial myotome; dermatome

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9
Q

What does the dermomyotome become?

A

Hypaxial muscles innervated by ventral rami

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10
Q

What does the medial myotome become?

A

Epaxial muscles innervated by dorsal rami

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11
Q

What does the dermatome become?

A

Dermis

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12
Q

How many vertebrae are humans born with?

A

33

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13
Q

How many vertebrae do adult humans have?

A

24 (9 fuse)

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14
Q

How many somites do humans have as embryos?

A

33

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15
Q

How many somites do chicks have?

A

55

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16
Q

How many somites do mice have?

A

65

17
Q

What does paraxial mesoderm specification require?

A

BMP anatagonists

18
Q

How fast are somites formed in chicks?

A

Every 90 minutes

19
Q

How are somites formed?

A

Budding off the pre-somitic mesoderm

20
Q

What must cells within the pre-somitic mesoderm respond to?

A

Positional information, left/right co-ordination, anterior/posterior boundary info, cleft formation

21
Q

How are boundaries created in somite formation?

A

Boundary cells instruct cells that are anterior to form a boundary - via notch expression

22
Q

What condition in humans is caused by absence of Notch signalling?

A

Jarcho Lewin syndrome - spondylocostal dysplasia (ossification centres do no align)

y2s2 - differentiation (15 decks)

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