Diff4 - 20 Flashcards
What does embryogenesis really equate to?
Slow restriction in cell fate
What does the ectoderm become?
Epidermis, epithelia of mouth/anus/pineal and pituitary glands, cornea and lens, NS, sensory epidermis, adrenal medulla, enamel
What does the mesoderm become?
Notochord, skeleton, muscle, excretory, cirulatory, lymphatic, reproductive, dermis, adrenal cortex
What does the endoderm become?
Epithelia of digestive tract/repiratory, lining of reproductive and excretory, liver, pancreas, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid
Define pluripotent cell
Capable of differentiating into many things and/or able to self-renew indefinitely
Where are embryonic stem cells taken from?
Inner cell mass
When would embryonic stem cells be taken from a Xenopus?
32 cell stage
What can be done to embryonic stem cells?
Cultured to continually self renew, or influenced to differentiate
What are ES cells not good for?
Regenerative medicine - from non-host, so will cause immune response
What are ES cells good for?
Study specific populations and drug screening
What is important for germ cells during development?
Protection from signals to differentiate
How are certain cells protected from differentiation?
Stem cell niches
What is a stem cell niche?
Specialised area protected from differentiation signals elsewhere
How are germ cells protected from differentiation?
They are kept outside of the embryo during most differentiation; specialised signals maintain the specialised microenvironment (niche)
What occurs if primordial germ cells aren’t protected?
Teratoma is produced
Draw an adult gut crypt
