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Y2S2 - Differentiation > Diff10 - 26 > Flashcards

Diff10 - 26 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do cardiac cells originate from?

A

The lateral mesoderm - splachnopleura

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2
Q

Outline vertebrate cardiogenesis

A

Mesodermal precursor, cardioblast, cariomyocyte, linear heart tube, looped heart tube, multichanbered heart

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3
Q

What induces a vertebrate cardioblast?

A

BMP then Nkx2.5

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4
Q

What differentiates a vertebrate cardioblast into a cardiomyocyte?

A

MEF2C

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5
Q

What structures vertebrate cardiomyocytes into linear heart tube?

A

GATA4

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6
Q

What creates the looped heart tube?

A

inv and iv

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7
Q

What finalises the multichambered heart?

A

dHand and eHand

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8
Q

What is the difference in drosophila/vertebrate cardiogenesis?

A

Linear heart tube becomes dorsal vessel - no loop or multichambered occurs

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9
Q

What induces a drosophila cardioblast?

A

dpp then tinman

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10
Q

What does Dpp stand for?

A

Decapentaplegic

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11
Q

What differentiates a drosophila cardioblast into a cardiomyocyte?

A

DMef2

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12
Q

What structures drosophila cariomyocytes into linear heart tube?

A

Pannier

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13
Q

What are GATA transcription factors?

A

Zinc finger proteins

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14
Q

What are GATA1-3 responsible for?

A

Hematopoiesis

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15
Q

What are GATA4-6 responsible for?

A

Cardiogenesis

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16
Q

Outline heart looping

A

Loops to right - the first break in left/right symmetry

17
Q

What are the suggested mechanisms involved in heart looping?

A

Asymmetric cell division/death, changes in cell shape triggered by asymmetric distribution of microtubules/actin bundles

18
Q

What molecules are only expressed on the left side?

A

Lefty and nodal - two TGF-beta-related molecules only expressed on left side

19
Q

How is left-right asymmetry in the embryo initially setup?

A

Activin receptor Iia signalling inhibits SHh expression on the right side of the embryo

20
Q

What does iv stand for?

A

inversus viscerum

21
Q

What does inv stand for?

A

inversion of embryonic turning

22
Q

What do iv mutations cause?

A

Random reversal of heart looping

23
Q

What do inv mutations cause?

A

Compelte reversal of heart looping

24
Q

What does iv code for?

A

Dynein proteins involved in movement of cilia

25
Q

What does inv code for?

A

Inversin - protein containing ankyrin repeats found in cilia

26
Q

What family are dHand and eHand?

A

bHLH transcription factors

Y2S2 - Differentiation (15 decks)

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