Diet and nutrition

Question 1

Define Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Arteries become clogged with fatty substances

Question 2

Kow Density Lipoproteins (LDL)

Answer 2

Transport cholestrols in the blood to the tissu and are classed as bad cholestrol since they are linked to an increased risk of heart disease

Question 3

High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)

Answer 3

These transport excess cholestrol in the blood back to the liver where it is broken down and are classed as good cholestrol since they lower the risk of developing heart diseasae.

Question 4

What arer the 2 types of carbohydrates, where are they found

Answer 4

SImple (easily digested, 1-6 glycosidic bonds, found in fruit and refined sugars)
Comlex (Longer to digest, 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds, found in pasta, bread, vege, etc)

Question 5

What are the 3 types of fats, whats the impact of consuming

Answer 5

Saturated- Animal souurces, too much leads to weight gain, leads to CVD and reduced stamina, flexibility, etc

Trans fats- Artificial hydrogenated fats that preserve food. Produces LDL cholestrol, leads to CVD

Cholestrol- Type of fat in blood. There are two types, LDL and HDL.

Question 6

When are fats used during exercise

Answer 6

Low intensity, aeorbic work. They require oxygen to break them down

Question 7

What are Proteins

Answer 7

Made of amino acids and are important ofr muscle growth and repair. ALso produce hormones, enzymes and haemoglobin

Question 8

Source and function of vit C

Answer 8

Green vegetables and fruit

Pretects cells, breaks down carnitine, maintains bones, teeth, gums and connective tissue

Question 9

Source and function of vit D

Answer 9

Made under the skin when exposed to sun light, also from oilf fish
Roule in absorbtion of calicum, helps phosphocreatine recover in mitochondrea

Question 10

Source and function of vit B complex

Answer 10

Dairy, liver, vegetables, egg, cereal

Break down and release energy from food, nervous system

Question 11

Source and function of vit B12 (folate)

Answer 11

Red meat, dairy and fish

Make red blood cells, help nervous system, releas energy from food

Question 12

Source and function of calcium

Answer 12

Dairy and green leafy vegetables

Maintain strong bones and teeth, needed for nerve impulses for muscle contractions

Question 13

Function of sodium

Answer 13

Regulate fluid level in the body, too much increases BP

Question 14

Function of Iron

Answer 14

Form haemoglobin therfore improve stamina.

Question 15

Function of fibre

Answer 15

Slows down digestion which results in sustained release of energy
Prevents constapation, aids digestion

Question 16

Function of water

Answer 16

Transport nutrient, hormones and toxins

Regulates body temperature through sweating

Question 17

Impact of dehydration

Answer 17

Increased blood thicknes, reduced blood flow and cardiac output
Higher temperature
Muscle fatigue, headaches