Diet and disease

Question 1

What are the components of a balanced diet?

Answer 1

sufficient energy to meet our energy requirements, the 8-10 essential amino acids, essential fatty acids(linoleic & linolenic acid), water soluble vitamins(b1,b2, c), minerals(calcium, iron, iodine), water, fibre

Question 2

Where is fat digested?

Answer 2

is digested in the small intestine into fatty acids and glycerol, which are absorbed into epithelial cells where they are reformed into fat in the form of chylomicrons

Question 3

What are type of lipoproteins?

Answer 3

very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins

Question 4

What do the type of lipoproteins do?

Answer 4

VLDS- carry fat for storage in adipose tissue
LDLS- cary cholesterol from tissues and take it to the liver for excretion in the bile
HDLS- remove cholesterol from tissues and take it to the liver for excretion in the bile

Question 5

Where is fat stored?

Answer 5

in adipose tissue

Question 6

Describe hypertension?

Answer 6

is a condition in which the patient has high blood pressure, affects whole body no symptoms for many years

Question 7

Describe coronary heart disease

Answer 7

affects the heart, symptoms being angina pectoris- severe chest pain related to exercise, heart failure- weak heart fails to pump blood efficiently, myocardial infarction- severe chest pain not related to exercise

Question 8

Describe stroke

Answer 8

occurs when an artery or arteries in the brain are blocked, or burst with leakage into brain tissue, affects brain, symptoms include speech slurred, face drops, not able to raise an arm

Question 9

What’s the difference between aerobic & anaerobic?

Answer 9

aerobic- involves continuous movement fused by oxygen from the air you breathe
anaerobic- involves short busts of movement fuelled by the energy stored in your muscles

Question 10

What is cardiac efficiency?

Answer 10

is the ration between the work done by the left ventricle in pumping blood and the volume of oxygen consumed by cardiac muscle

Question 11

What is a test for cardiac efficiency?

Answer 11

sit on a chair and relax for 10 minutes, place the cuff of the blood pressure monitor on the upper arm, pump up the cuff and release it to record the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, record heart rate, stand up and repeat the measurements

Question 12

What are some effects of the gaseous exchange system?

Answer 12

increase in tidal volume- the volume of air in each breathe
increase in ventilation rate- the volume of air that enters the lungs each minute
increase in vital capacity- the maximum volume of air that is breathed out after taking a deep breath
increase in reserve volumes- the volume of air breathed in after a normal breath and the volume breathed out after a normal breath

Question 13

What are some effects on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 13

increase in stroke volume- the volume of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat
increase in cardiac output- the volume of blood pumped out in each minute