Biodiversity

Question 1

What are examples of biotic factors?

Answer 1

competition, cooperation, predation, disease

Question 1

What are abiotic & biotic factors?

Answer 1

abiotic- any aspect of the physical or chemical environment of a species eg temperature, light, water
biotic- any factor that results from the activities of another organism of the same or different species

Question 2

What are 2 types of competition

Answer 2

interspecific competition- competition between different species
intraspecific competition- competition between members of the same species

Question 3

What is the process of competitive exclusion?

Answer 3

two species can’t coexist if they occupy exactly the same niche, can result in resource partitioning

Question 4

What is the process of resource partitioning/niche differentiation? (competition)

Answer 4

a process of natural selection that will force competitors to use resources differently

Question 5

What is altruism(cooperation)?

Answer 5

when its behaviour benefits other organisms, at a cost to itself

Question 6

What is mutualism? (cooperation)

Answer 6

an association between organisms of two different species in which each benefits.

Question 7

What is biodiversity a measure of?

Answer 7

different ecosystem, number of species, number of individuals of each species, genetic variation within each species present in an area

Question 8

What is species & genetic diversity?

Answer 8

species- is the number of different species in an environment
genetic- is the diversity of alleles within the genes in the genome of a single species

Question 9

What can happen with loss of species if dominant species disappear?

Answer 9

hurricanes and chainsaws, coastal development, deforestation

Question 10

What does conservation involve?

Answer 10

involves protecting species, habitats and ecosystems from damage and encouraging their survival

Question 11

What are reasons for maintaining biodiversity?

Answer 11

climate change resistance, treatment of diseases, human protection, economic impact

Question 12

What is the method of in situ biodiversity?

Answer 12

The process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its natural habitat eg morne diablotin national park- endangered bird species or marine reserves- home for endangered fish species

Question 13

What are other roles of in situ biodiversity?

Answer 13

reclaiming ecosystems, issuing permits, creating new habitats

Question 14

What is the ex situ method?

Answer 14

is the technique of conservation of all levels of biological diversity outside their natural habitats through different techniques like zoo, captive breeding, aquarium, botanical garden, and gene bank.

Question 15

What are the functions of zoos?

Answer 15

protecting endangered and vulnerable species, contributing to reintroduction schemes, setting up breeding programmes, educating the public about wildlife and conversation

Question 16

What are the steps to collect sperm?

Answer 16

collect semen from suitable males, test the sperm for motility, dilute with a medium containing buffer and albumen, put small volumes into thin tubes, store the sperm samples in liquid nitrogen(196 Celsius)

Question 17

What are embryo banks?

Answer 17

involves in vitro fertilization, a procedure in which eggs are removed from a woman’s ovary and combined with sperm in the laboratory to form embryos. The embryos are frozen and can later be thawed and placed in a woman’s uterus.

Question 17

What are roles of botanical gardens?

Answer 17

same roles as zoo

Question 18

What are seeds stored by?

Answer 18

dehydrating so seeds contain 5% of water, store at 20 celsius

Question 19

What are the types of quadrats?

Answer 19

an open frame, gridded, larger marked out with tapes

Question 20

What is species frequency & percentage cover?

Answer 20

species frequency- what percentage of the quadrant is covered by each species
percentage cover- the percentage of the area of the quadrat in which the plant occurs