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MEH > Diet > Flashcards

Diet Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Dietary components

A

-Carbohydrates
-Lipids
-Protein
-Fibre
-Vitamins
-Minerals
-Water

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2
Q

Carbohydrates purpose, structure and formula

A

Energy source
CHO contain aldehyde groups and Keto groups
Many hydroxyl groups -OH

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3
Q

Lipids structure and function

A

Glycerol molecule with fatty acid chains esterified onto it
Energy source
Absorption of fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
Obtain essential fatty acids

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4
Q

What is the function of dietary protein?

A

Provide essential amino acids
Synthesis of N containing compounds

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5
Q

What is the importance of Fibre ?

A

Normal GI function
Lowers blood cholesterol
Reduces bowel cancer incidence (Cells use energy that bacteria release from digesting fibre, low fibre means cell death, more mitosis = more cancer risk)

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6
Q

Vitamins

A

Essential for life, without = deficiency disease

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7
Q

Vitamin deficiency diseases/roles

A

Vit A - Xerophthalmia (affects eye)
Vit E - Neurological abnormalities/protects against lipid peroxidation (oxidative stress)
Vit D - Rickets (Kids, no hydroxyapatite deposited in bones so poor mineralisation)
Vit K - Defective blood clotting
Vit C - Regenerates reduced Vit E (lipid per oxidation protection) SCURVY
Vit B12 - Anaemia
Vit B6 - Anaemia, Dermatitis

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8
Q

Minerals

A

Essential for life
Establish ion gradients
Calcium and phosphorus for bone and teeth structure
Calcium signalling molecule
Enzyme cofactors
Iron for haemoglobin

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9
Q

Daily energy expenditure 3 parts:

A

BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
DIT (Diet Induced Thermogenesis)
Voluntary Actions

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10
Q

BMR Definiton and % of body parts contribution

A

Energy used to maintain resting activities of the body

Skeletal Muscle = 30%
Liver = 20%. Liver and Brain same cuz both big
Brain = 20%
Heart = 10%
Others = 20%

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11
Q

Factors affecting BMR

A

Body SA
Age
Gender
Environmental Temp
Endocrine status (Hyperthyroidism = higher)
Body Temperature (HIgher = Higher)

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12
Q

Diet Induced Thermogenesis

A

Energy required to digest food

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13
Q

Voluntary actions/physical activity
Reflects energy demands of which muscles

A

Skeletal
Respiratory
Cardiac

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14
Q

Body Weight depends on what balance

A

Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure

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15
Q

Excess energy stored as what?

A

Lipids in Adipose tissue

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16
Q

Obesity defined by what?

A

BMI OVER 30

17
Q

Obesity is a risk factor for

A

Cancers
Cardiovascular Diseases
Type 2 diabetes

18
Q

BMI (Body Mass Index)

A

BMI = WEIGHT/HEIGHT^2
(KG/M^2)

19
Q

BMI Categories and associated values

A

UNDERWEIGHT = <18.5
IDEAL WEIGHT = 18.5 - 24.9
OVERWEIGHT = 25 -29.9
OBESE = 30 - 34.9
SEVERELY OBESE = > 35

20
Q

Alternate measurement than BMI is Waist/Hip ratio
It shows

A

Distribution of fat is important

21
Q

Waist/Hip ratio value that indicates obesity

A

Men > 0.9
Women > 0.85

22
Q

Increased risk factors with High waist to hip ratio

A

Insulin resistance
Type 2 diabetes
Hypertension
Hyperlipidaemia
Stroke

23
Q

Protein-energy malnutrion conditions

A

Kwashiorkor
Marasmus

24
Q

About Marasmus

A

Kids under 5
Emaciated, Muscle Wastage, Thin Dry Hair, Body Fat loss
NO OEDEMA

25
Q

Kwashiorkor Signs/Symptoms

A

Pitting OEDMA
Low Serum Albumin
Anaemia
Lethargy
Anorexia

26
Q

Explanation BEhind Kwashiorkor

A

Low protein = insufficient amino acids
Cant synthesis Albumin
Plasma Oncotic Pressure Decreases
Fluid accumulates in the Intersistium around capillaries causing OEDEMA
OEDEMA Causes Hepatmegaly and Ascites (fluid in peritoneal cavity0

27
Q

Refeeding Syndrome

A

Rapidly Introducing energy rich foods to a malnourished/starving patient causes RAPID DEPLETION of already depleted electrolytes like PHOSPHATE, MAGNESIUM and POTASSIUM

28
Q

How can Hypophosphataemia be caused?

A

Caused by Refeeding syndrome

29
Q

How Refeeding syndrome causes electrolyte depletion (hypophosphataemia)

A

Sudden increase in glucose causes INsulin to be released causing increase in GLycogen , lipid and protein synthesis.
Processes us electrolytes

MEH (33 decks)

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