Diarrhoae And Constipiation

Question 1

What is diarrhoea defined as?

Answer 1

Loose stool >3 times per day

Question 2

Why is water absorption not 100% in the gut?

Answer 2

Due to poor absorption of ions such as Mg2+ sulfate and phosphate

Question 3

Name an endogenous cause of secretory diarrhoea.

Answer 3

Carcinoid syndrome

Question 4

Name 2 broad causes for secretory diarrhoea.

Answer 4

Increased Anion secretion Cl-HCO3-)

Decreased Na reabsorption

Question 5

Give the criteria for classification as constipation.

Answer 5

In more than 25% of defecations

• Lumpy/ hard stools
• Straining
• Obstructive feeling
• incomplete evac

Fewer than 3 unassisted bowel movements per week

Question 6

Give 4 risk factors for constipation.

Answer 6

Female (3:1)
Increasing age (<4yo also)
Reduced physical activity
Meds (NSAIDs, anticholinergics)

Question 7

Give some causes of slow colonic transport constipation.

Answer 7

Fewer ICCs
Colonic inertia (less HAPCs)
Systemic (hypo/hyperthyroidisms, hypercalcaemia, hypokalemia)
Nervous system - Parkinson’s disease and MS
Large colon

Question 8

What are some defecations problems that can cause constipation?

Answer 8

Pelvic floor dysynergia
Spastic pelvic floor syndrome
Obstructive defecation problem

Question 9

What is the treatment for constipation?

Answer 9

Psych support
Increased fluid
Increased activity level; 
Increased fibre (mild only) 
Laxatives