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Gastrointestinal > Diarrhea/Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Diarrhea/Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Diarrhea

A

more than 3 BM’s a day
liquidity of feces
varies from one individual to another

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of acute diarrhea lasting less than 2 weeks?

A

infectious agents
bacterial toxins (preformed or produced in gut)

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3
Q

infections sources usually have what timeframe for incubation?

A

12-72 hrs.

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4
Q

where does 90% of all water absorption in the GI tract take place in?

A

small intestine

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5
Q

what is the major site of resorption?

A

jejunum

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6
Q

what is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis?

A

infectious agents

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7
Q

how is acute gastroenteritis defined?

A

3 or more times a day/200g of stool
rapid onset
lasts < 2 weeks

May be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain

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8
Q

what is a common finding with acute viral gastroenteritis?

A

mild diffuse abdominal pain

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9
Q

how is “gastritis” defined and what does it require?

A

histopathologic evidence of inflammation
involves ONLY the stomach

(do not confuse infectious gastroenteritis with acute gastritis)

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10
Q

two most common causes of gastritis?

A

Chronic NSAID use
Chronic Alcohol use

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11
Q

Classifications of Chronic Diarrhea

A

Osmotic
Inflammatory
Secretory
Chronic Infections
Malabsorption Syndrome
Motility

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12
Q

two classifications of acute infectious diarrhea:

A

inflammatory and bloody

non inflammatory, non bloody, watery

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13
Q

inflammatory diarrhea suggests what involvement?

A

colonic involvement by invasive bacteria or parasites or by toxic production.

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14
Q

patient complaints with inflammatory diarrhea:

A

frequent bloody, small volume stools, associated with fever, abdominal cramps, tenesmus, fecal urgency

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15
Q

common causes of inflammatory diarrhea:

A

Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, E coly 0157:H7

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16
Q

common protozoal cause of inflammatory diarrhea:

A

Entamoeba histolytica

17
Q

Community outbreaks suggests what etiology?

A

viral or common food source

18
Q

what is the cause of acute non inflammatory diarrhea?

A

viruses, toxins that effect the small intestine

19
Q

common causes acute non inflammatory diarrhea?

A

VIRAL: rotavirus, norwalk virus
Vibriones: vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus
enterotoxin producing E coli
Protozoal: Giardia Lamblia, Crytosporidium, clyclospora

20
Q

Incubation period for preformed food borne toxins

A

1-6 hours

21
Q

incubation period for food borne pathogens that produce toxins after being ingested?

A

8-16 hours

22
Q

actions if diarrhea worsens for more than 7 days:

A

stool should be sent for fecal leukocyte, ovum and parasite evaluation, and bacterial culture.

23
Q

situations indicating prompt medical evaluation:

A

inflammatory diarrhea with:
-fever (38.5 C)
-6 or > unformed stools in 24 hrs
-signs and sx of dehydration

24
Q

SX of non inflammatory diarrhea:

A

N/V and decreased appetite
abdominal pain
loose stool
malaise
fatigue
TTP abdomen, diffuse
distention
increased bowel sounds
afebrile
+tilts possibly

25
Q

DDX of Diarrhea

A

food poisoning
inflammatory bowel disease
malabsorption
medication effect
laxative abuse

26
Q

Labs for Diarrhea

A

CBC with Diff
Fecal leukocyte
Fecal O/P
Stool Culture
C difficile assay, if recent hospitalization or antibiotics
Stool exam of Giardia Lambia if Giradiasis is suspected.

27
Q

Rehydration for diarrhea is preferred to have what chemicals?

A

Na+, K+, Cl-, and bicarbonate or citrate.

28
Q

rate at which to give fluids for rehydration for diarrhea:

A

50-200mL/kg/24 hr

29
Q

IV fluid of choice for rehydration in regards to diarrhea

A

Lactated ringers

30
Q

Antidiarrheal Agents

A

Loperamide (imodium)
Bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol)

31
Q

infectious bacterial diarrhea treatment is appropriate with what?

A

shigellosis, cholera, salmonellosis, listeriosis, and C difficile

32
Q

parasitic infections requiring treatment:

A

amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis

33
Q

categories of gastritis:

A

erosive and hemorrhagic gastritis
nonerosive and nonspecific gasritis
specific types of gastritis

34
Q

labs to run for gastritis:

A

HCT (CBC)
H pylori testing
fecal occult blood

Gastrointestinal (28 decks)

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