Diagnostic Tools

Question 1

Uses of CT scan

Answer 1

Acute hemorrhage
Infartcs, Tumors
Good for the brain and skull

Question 2

Advantages of CT Scan

Answer 2

Faster than MRI
Cheaper than MRI

Question 3

Disadvantages of CT scan

Answer 3

Not good in terms of visualization of the structures of the spinal cord

Question 4

PET in PET scan stands for

Answer 4

Positron Emission Tomography

Question 5

PET scan functions are

Answer 5

measures the metabolic activity of the cortex
records O2 uptake by the neurons
may be used to see the activity of tumors

Question 6

MRI functions

Answer 6

detects small lesions
can view the CNS in many angles
Developed to look at multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 7

Advantage of MRI

Answer 7

provides a good resolution of the spinal cord

Question 8

When is Diffusion Weighted MRI used?

Answer 8

to see the area of the brain that is infarcted

Question 9

When is Perfusion Weighted MRI used?

Answer 9

to see the area of the brain that is not working

Question 10

MRI spectroscopy function

Answer 10

looks at the metabolic/biochemical activity of a tissue
to see how aggressive or malignant a tumor is

Question 11

Lumbar puncture functions

Answer 11

Analysis of CSF for infections of the CNS
Detection of blood in the CSF

Question 12

Where is the needle introduced in lumbar puncture?

Answer 12

between the L3-L4 vertebrae

Question 13

4 vessel digital subraction angiography

Answer 13

2 carotid arteries
2 vertebral arteries

Question 13

Function of angiogram

Answer 13

to see the status of the blood vessel

Question 14

Diffusion tractography

Answer 14

MRI based
can trace white matter tracts

Question 14

Magnetic Resonance Angiogram and CT angiogram

Answer 14

Non-invasive

Question 15

Evoke potentials function

Answer 15

measures speed of transmission in the pathways

Question 16

abnormality in tract presents with:

Answer 16

a delay in transmission

Question 17

Visual Evoke Potentials procedure

Answer 17

measures light from the retina to the occipital lobe (area 17)

Question 18

In what condition is visual evoke potential commonly abnormal

Answer 18

multiple sclerosis

Question 19

Brainstem Auditory Evoke Potentials procedure

Answer 19

measures speed of transmission from auditory pathways
measures ear to temporal lobe (Area 41)

Question 20

Segments of brainstem auditory evoke potentials

Answer 20

divided into 5 segments:
first 2 are CN 8
last 3 inside the brain

Question 21

Somatosensory Evoke Potentials procedure

Answer 21

measures transmission of sensory pathways
measures from spinal cord to areas 3, 1, 2

Question 22

Electroencephalogram functions

Answer 22

measures the voltage of the cerebral cortex

Question 23

When is EEG used?

Answer 23

for seizures and background electrical activity of the brain

Question 24

Function of EMG NCV

Answer 24

EMG - detects muscle and nerve defects
NCV - measures speed of transmission in the peripheral nervous system

Question 25

Transcranial doppler

Answer 25

ultrasound in nature
provides a real-time flow of arterial blood

Question 25

what can the transcranial doppler detect?

Answer 25

anterior and posterior circulations
detects micro embolism
can be used to scan pts @ risk for stroke

Question 26

Transmagnetic Stimulation

Answer 26

using a magnetic field can depolarize or hyperpolarize neurons

Question 27

Diagnostic use of TMS

Answer 27

measures neural circuits

Question 28

Therapeutic use of TMS

Answer 28

neuro rehabilitation in retraining neural circuits