Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

A chronic disorder characterized either by insufficient insulin production in the b-cells of the pancreas or by cellular resistance to insulin

Answer 1

Diabete mellitus

Question 2

A potentially life threatening deficiency of insulin (hyoinsulinism) resulting in severe hyperglycemia and requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment

Answer 2

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 3

A hormone produced by the a-cells of the pancreas that increases blood sugar by stimulating the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver

Answer 3

Glucagon

Question 4

Device used to monitor blood glucose levels

Answer 4

Glucometer

Question 5

Elevated blood glucose levels

Answer 5

Hyergylcemia

Question 6

Low blood glucose levels

Answer 6

Hypoglycemia

Question 7

A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps maintain blood glucose levels within normal limits

Answer 7

Insulin

Question 8

Atrophy of subcutaneous fat

Answer 8

Lipodystrophy

Question 9

Increased thirst

Answer 9

Polydipsia

Question 10

Increased appetite

Answer 10

Polyphagia

Question 11

Increased urination

Answer 11

Polyuria

Question 12

Rapid acting insulins: insulin lispro

Answer 12

Onset: 0.25 hr
Peak: 0.5 -1.5 hr
Duration 2-5 hr

Question 13

Short acting insulins: insulin injection regular

Answer 13

Onset: 0.5 - 1 hr
Peak: 2 - 5 hr
Duration: 8 - 12 hrs

Question 14

Intermediate-acting insulin: isophane insulin suspension (NPH)

Answer 14

Onset: 1 - 1.5 hr
Peak: 4 - 12 hr
Duration: up to 24 hr

Question 15

Long-acting insulins: insulin detemir

Answer 15

Onset: 1 - 2 hr
Peak: 6 - 8 hr
Duration: up to 24

Question 16

Drugs used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes that is not controlled by diet and exercise alone.

Answer 16

Antidiabetic Drugs

Question 17

Acts by reducing hepatic glucose production and increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat cells.

Answer 17

Biguanides

Question 18

The only biguanide currently available in most countries

Answer 18

Metformin (Glucophage)

Question 19

Adverse reactions for Biguanides:

Answer 19

1. Asthenia
2. Headache
3. Gastrointestinal upset

Question 20

Contraindications for biguanides:

Answer 20

1. Heart failure
2. Renal disease
3. Hypersensitivity
4. Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis

Question 21

Stimulates the b-cells of the pancreas to release insulin

Answer 21

Sulfonylureas

Question 22

Adverse reactions for sulfonylureas

Answer 22

1. Hypoglycemia
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Epigastric discomfort
4. Heartburn

Question 23

Sulfonylureas are contraindicated in

Answer 23

Patients with coronary artery disease or liver or renal dysfunction

Question 24

Decrease insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity by modifying several process, end result is decreasing hepatic glucogenesis

Answer 24

Thiazolidinediones

Question 25

Adverse reactions for thiazolidinediones:

Answer 25

1. Aggravated Diabetes mellitus
2. Upper respiratory infections
3. Sinusitis
4. Headache
5. Pharyngitis
6. Myalgia
7. Diarrhea
8. Back pain

Question 26

Prevent the metabolism of the incretin hormones.

Answer 26

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor

Question 27

Adverse reactions for dipetidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor:

Answer 27

Nasopharyngitis
Hypoglycemia

Question 28

Drug examples of dipeptidyl petidase-4 inhibitor

Answer 28

1. Saxagliptin
2. Sitagliptin
3. Linagliptin

Question 29

Oral medications used for treating type 2 diabetes. Prevents kidneys from reabsorbing glucose back into the blood which allows the kidneys to lower blood glucose levels.

Answer 29

Sodium-glucose Co-transporter 2 inhibitors

Question 30

The proteins that reabsorb glucose back into the blood are called

Answer 30

Sodium-glucose transport proteins