Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

elevated blood glucose caused by a lack of or low levels of insulin, or insulin resistance

Answer 1

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 2

Most typically develops in childhood or adolescence

Answer 2

Type 1 Diabetes

Question 3

5 – 10% of all cases of diabetes

Answer 3

Type 1 Diabetes

Question 4

Immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic Beta cells

Answer 4

Type 1 Diabetes

Question 5

Circulating insulin is absent, plasma glucose is elevated

Answer 5

Type 1 Diabetes

Question 6

Body composition-thin and undernourished

Answer 6

Type 1 Diabetes

Question 7

diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose, exercise, & daily insulin injections

Answer 7

Type 1 Diabetes Treatment

Question 8

More than 90% of diabetics

Answer 8

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 9

Typical onset usually over age 40

Answer 9

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 10

Associated with middle-aged to older adults, abdominal obesity, sedentary lifestyle, genetics

Answer 10

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 11

Pancreatic Beta cells are functioning to some degree

Answer 11

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 12

Insulin resistance

Answer 12

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 13

Body composition-Frequently obese

Answer 13

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 14

diet, exercise, & usually self-monitoring of blood glucose. Some patients may
require oral hypoglycemic agents and/or supplemental insulin injections

Answer 14

Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

Question 15

All overweight adults > 45 years old

Answer 15

Pre-Diabetes

Question 16

< 45 years old with any of the following risk factors: family history, low HDL, HTN, gestation diabetes, African American, Native Indian, or Hispanic

Answer 16

Pre-Diabetes

Question 17

Fasting BG between 110 – 125 mg/dL

Answer 17

Pre-Diabetes

Question 18

This diagnosis indicates a high risk of developing diabetes within the next 10 years

Answer 18

Pre-Diabetes

Question 19

Focus is on prevention. Recommend cardiovascular exercise for 30 mins 5 days/week

Answer 19

Pre-Diabetes Treatment

Question 20

Diabetes that appears during pregnancy only

Answer 20

Gestational Diabetes

Question 21

Often associated with large birth-weight babies

(> 9lb)

Answer 21

Gestational Diabetes

Question 22

Placenta produces hormones that block the actions of insulin. Cortisol levels increase

Answer 22

Gestational Diabetes

Question 23

diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose; sometimes insulin; sometimes metformin

Answer 23

Gestational Diabetes Treatment

Question 24

Accounts for 90% of diabetes related deaths

Answer 24

Long Term Complications of Diabetes

Question 25

leading cause of death: stroke, MI, hypertension

Answer 25

Cardiovascular disease

Long Term Complications of Diabetes

Question 26

damage to the retina of the eye (patients need annual eye exam)

Answer 26

Retinopathy

Long Term Complications of Diabetes

Question 27

kidney disease (protein in urine, reduced glomerular filtration)

Answer 27

Nephropathy

Long Term Complications of Diabetes

Question 28

nerve damage resulting in pain, loss of sensation, & muscle weakness

Answer 28

Neuropathy

Long Term Complications of Diabetes

Question 29

poor peripheral circulation & infections

Answer 29

Amputations

Long Term Complications of Diabetes

Question 30

very slowed GI tract resulting in nausea & constipation

Answer 30

Gastroparesis

Long Term Complications of Diabetes

Question 31

caused by blood vessel injury and neuropathy

Answer 31

Erectile Dysfunction

Long Term Complications of Diabetes