Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
elevated blood glucose caused by a lack of or low levels of insulin, or insulin resistance
Diabetes Mellitus
Most typically develops in childhood or adolescence
Type 1 Diabetes
5 – 10% of all cases of diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic Beta cells
Type 1 Diabetes
Circulating insulin is absent, plasma glucose is elevated
Type 1 Diabetes
Body composition-thin and undernourished
Type 1 Diabetes
diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose, exercise, & daily insulin injections
Type 1 Diabetes Treatment
More than 90% of diabetics
Type 2 Diabetes
Typical onset usually over age 40
Type 2 Diabetes
Associated with middle-aged to older adults, abdominal obesity, sedentary lifestyle, genetics
Type 2 Diabetes
Pancreatic Beta cells are functioning to some degree
Type 2 Diabetes
Insulin resistance
Type 2 Diabetes
Body composition-Frequently obese
Type 2 Diabetes
diet, exercise, & usually self-monitoring of blood glucose. Some patients may
require oral hypoglycemic agents and/or supplemental insulin injections
Type 2 Diabetes Treatment
All overweight adults > 45 years old
Pre-Diabetes
< 45 years old with any of the following risk factors: family history, low HDL, HTN, gestation diabetes, African American, Native Indian, or Hispanic
Pre-Diabetes
Fasting BG between 110 – 125 mg/dL
Pre-Diabetes
This diagnosis indicates a high risk of developing diabetes within the next 10 years
Pre-Diabetes
Focus is on prevention. Recommend cardiovascular exercise for 30 mins 5 days/week
Pre-Diabetes Treatment
Diabetes that appears during pregnancy only
Gestational Diabetes
Often associated with large birth-weight babies
(> 9lb)
Gestational Diabetes
Placenta produces hormones that block the actions of insulin. Cortisol levels increase
Gestational Diabetes
diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose; sometimes insulin; sometimes metformin
Gestational Diabetes Treatment
Accounts for 90% of diabetes related deaths
Long Term Complications of Diabetes
