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STEP1 2014 > Diabetes medications > Flashcards

Diabetes medications Flashcards

1
Q

lactic acidosis is a rare but worrisome side effect

A

metformin

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2
Q

most common side effect is hypoglycemia

A

sulfonylureas

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3
Q

recommended first- line treatment for most patients

A

metformin

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4
Q

not safe in the setting of hepatic dysfunction or CHF

A

thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

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5
Q

should not be used in patients with elevated serum creatinine

A

metformin

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6
Q

should not be used in patients with cirrhosis or inflammatory bowel disease

A

alpha- glucosidase inhibitors

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7
Q

not associated with weight gain

A

metformin, DPP4 inhibitors, GLP-1 analogs

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8
Q

metabolized by the liver; excellent choice in patients with renal disease

A

thiazolidinediones

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9
Q

closes potassium channel on beta cells so that they depolarize, calcium influx; insulin release

A

sulfonylureas

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10
Q

inhibits alpha- glucosidease at the intestinal brush border

A

alpha- glucosidase inhibitors

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11
Q

agonist at PPAR-gamma receptors, improved target cell response to insulin

A

thiazolidinediones

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12
Q

decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis

A

metformin

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13
Q

good for weight loss

A

GLP1 analog

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14
Q

avoid in hypoglycemia

A

sulfonylureas

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15
Q

best treatment for anyone with organ failure (renal, liver, heart)

A

insulin

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16
Q

DDx for DKA (events that increase glucagon, catecholamines, or corticosteroids in circulation)

A 
infection
diabetic medication reduction or ommission
severe medical illness (MI, CVA, trauma)
undiagnosed DM
dehydration
alcohol or drug abuse (stimulants)
corticosteroids
17
Q

standard treatment for DKA

A

IV fluids, IV insulin, potassium replacement

18
Q

standard treatment for type 1 DM

A

exogenous insulin

19
Q

standard treatment for type 2 DM

A

low carb diet, weightloss, oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin

STEP1 2014 (26 decks)

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