diabetes insipidus

Question 1

diabetes insipidus definition

Answer 1

the inability to produce dilute urine

Question 2

central pathophysis

Answer 2

The hypothalamus doesn’t produced ADH

Question 3

central causes

Answer 3

acquired, tumors, trauma, infection

Question 4

central causes

Answer 4

acquired, tumors, trauma, infection

Question 5

nephrogenic pataphysics

Answer 5

kidney doesn’t respond to ADh

Question 6

nephrogenic causes

Answer 6

lithium, congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, PKD, renal ischaemia, hypercalcaemia, hypokalemia, renal tubular acidosis, CKD

Question 7

gestational diabetes insipidus pathophysis

Answer 7

Vasopressinase breaks down ADH

Question 8

disogenic diabetes

Answer 8

chronic meningitis, MS

Question 9

diabetes insipidus symptoms

Answer 9

dehydration (fatigue, dizziness), weakness, space-occupying lesions (headaches, visual changes, seizures), polyuria, polydipsia

Question 10

investigations of diabetes insipidus

Answer 10

U+E (hypernatremia), low urine osmolality (U:P <2:1), BM normal, ca = normal, high ser osmolality, 24 hour urine diary 3+L dehydration test

Question 11

dehydration test results

Answer 11

normal = high -> high
central = low -> high
nephrogenic = low -> low

Question 12

diabetes insipidus DD

Answer 12

diabetes, psychogenic polydipsia, diuretic overuse, UTI, hypercalcaemia, Cushing syndrome

Question 13

diabetes insipidus treatment

Answer 13

desmopressin (central/gestational), nephrogenic (thiazide diuretics) + indomethacin