ADPKD

Question 1

risk factors for PKD

Answer 1

males

Question 2

causes of PKD

Answer 2

PKD1 (faster progression), PDK2

Question 3

types of PKD

Answer 3

autosomal dominant/recessive

Question 4

pathophysis of PKD

Answer 4

Transmembrane protein on the cilia of nephron tubules -> one hit -> no effect -> 2 hits -> increased prolif + remodelling of ECM -> cyst formation -> fluid secretion -> decreased eGFR
The decline of eGFR of 5ml after 50ml reached

Question 5

symptoms of PKD

Answer 5

asymptomatic
cyst rupture -> flank pain + haematuria + protein urea + infection
high RAAS -> hypertension

Question 6

investigations PKD

Answer 6

low EGFR, genetic test, ultrasound (2 cysts per kidney <30, 4 60+)

Question 7

treatment of PKD

Answer 7

ACE, intake 3L+, na restriction, avoid caffine, tolvaptan (ADH antagonist), haemodialysis, surgery

Question 8

complications of PKD

Answer 8

cerebral aneurysm, mitral valve prolapse, liver cysts, uterine cysts, testicular cysts, diverticula herina, thyroid cysts