Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Facilitates diffusion of glucose into cells (adipose tissue and striated muscle)
Increases hepatic glycogen
Decreases breakdown of fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What tissue can Glucose move into freely without Insulin?

A

Brain
Liver
Pancreatic Beta Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the first step of action in type 2 diabetes?

A

Diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an example of a Biguanide?

A

Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do Biguanides do?

A

Increases insulin receptor sensitivity, decreasing resistance
Decreases gluconeogenesis
Increase glucose uptake in muscle and adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are ADRs of Biguanides?

A

GI

Lactic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do Sulphonylureas (eg. Glicazides) do?

A

Stimulate beta cells

Caused by an influx of calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the ADRs of Sulphonylureas?

A

Hypoglycaemia

Weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do Meglitinides do?

A

Similar to Sulphonylureas but smaller half life so quicker onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do Thiazelidinediones do?

A

Increase nuclear peroxisome proliferator
Increase insulin sensitivity
Decrease gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the ADRs of Thiazolidinediones?

A

Weight gain

Bladder cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4-Inhibitors (sitagliptin) do?

A

Increase Incretin

Incretin stimulates Insulin release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do Alpha Glucosidase inhibitors do?

A

Decrease alpha Glucosidase

Stops carbohydrates from converting to glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the ADRs of alpha Glucosidase inhibitors

A

Flatulence

Diarrheoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do SGLT2 inhibitors do

A

Decrease glucose reabsorption in PCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the ADRs of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Thrush

UTIs

17
Q

How can you treat Obesity?

A

Gastric Lipase inhibitors

Bariatric surgery

18
Q

How can you produce exogenous insulin to give to Diabetics?

A

Recombinant DNA technology (using bacteria)

19
Q

What are the different types of exogenous insulin?

A

Short acting
Rapid acting
Intermediate acting
Long and very long acting

20
Q

What are the ADRs of Exogenous Insulin?

A

Hypo/Hyperglycaemia
Painful injections
Insulin allergies

21
Q

Where is Insulin released from?

A

Pancreatic Beta Cells