Diabetes Flashcards
What does insulin do?
Facilitates diffusion of glucose into cells (adipose tissue and striated muscle)
Increases hepatic glycogen
Decreases breakdown of fats
What tissue can Glucose move into freely without Insulin?
Brain
Liver
Pancreatic Beta Cells
What is the first step of action in type 2 diabetes?
Diet
What is an example of a Biguanide?
Metformin
What do Biguanides do?
Increases insulin receptor sensitivity, decreasing resistance
Decreases gluconeogenesis
Increase glucose uptake in muscle and adipose
What are ADRs of Biguanides?
GI
Lactic acidosis
What do Sulphonylureas (eg. Glicazides) do?
Stimulate beta cells
Caused by an influx of calcium
What are the ADRs of Sulphonylureas?
Hypoglycaemia
Weight gain
What do Meglitinides do?
Similar to Sulphonylureas but smaller half life so quicker onset
What do Thiazelidinediones do?
Increase nuclear peroxisome proliferator
Increase insulin sensitivity
Decrease gluconeogenesis
What are the ADRs of Thiazolidinediones?
Weight gain
Bladder cancer
What do Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4-Inhibitors (sitagliptin) do?
Increase Incretin
Incretin stimulates Insulin release
What do Alpha Glucosidase inhibitors do?
Decrease alpha Glucosidase
Stops carbohydrates from converting to glucose
What are the ADRs of alpha Glucosidase inhibitors
Flatulence
Diarrheoa
What do SGLT2 inhibitors do
Decrease glucose reabsorption in PCT