Anaesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

When do you use anaesthetics?

A

Premedication
Induction
Intra operative analgesia
Muscle paralysis

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2
Q

Give two examples of inhalational anaesthesia

A

Chloroform

Xenon

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3
Q

What does Guedels classification show us?

A

Stage 1: analgesia and consciousness
Stage 2: unconscious with delirium (erratic breathing)
Stage 3: surgical anaesthesia
Stage 4: respiratory paralysis and death

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4
Q

What is anaesthesia?

A

Analgesia
Hypnosis
Depression of spinal reflexes
Muscle relaxation

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5
Q

How do you describe volatile anaesthetic potency

A

MAC: minimum alveolar concentration

Concentration in the alveoli at which 50% of patients fail to move due to surgical stimulus

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6
Q

What factors affect MAC?

A

Age (high in infants)
Hyperthermia increases MAC
Hypothermia decreases MAC
Things that increase it: pregnancy, alcoholism, central stimulants
Things that decrease it: other anaesthetics, opioids

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7
Q

How do Anaesthetics work?

A

GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Anaesthetics potentiates GABA: leading to anxiolysis, sedation and anaesthesia
So they potentiate GABA mediates chloride conductance to depress CNS activity

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8
Q

What parts of the body does anaesthesia work on?

A
Depress Hippocampus (memory)
Depress brainstem (respiratory drive and some CVS)
Spinal cord (dorsal horn) depressed (analgesia)
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9
Q

What are examples of IV anaesthesia?

A

Propofol and barbiturates which are rapid

Ketamine which is slower

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of local anaesthetics

A

Lidocaine, Bupivacaine

Lipid solubility which give them a greater potency

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11
Q

What are the general side effects of anaesthetics?

A

Opioid ones
Hypotension
Chest infection
Allergy, anaphylaxis

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12
Q

What are the two types of anaesthetic?

A

General: inhalation, intravenous

Local: regional

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