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Pharmacology > Anti-psychotics > Flashcards

Anti-psychotics Flashcards

1
Q

When are Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used?

A

Used in moderate to severe depression wit CBT

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2
Q

What is the most important SSRI?

A

Citalopram

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3
Q

What are the ADRs of SSRIs?

A

Anorexia
Nausea
Diarrhoea

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4
Q

What is an example of a tricyclic antidepressant?

A

Amitryptilline

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5
Q

What are effects of TCAs?

A

Inhibition of noradrenaline uptake
Muscarinic cholinoceptor blockage (reduces Cholinergic neurotransmission)
Alpha-1 Adrenoceptors blockade (suppression of noradrenergic neurotransmitter)

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6
Q

What is the problem with TCA overdose?

A

Become extremely toxic

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7
Q

What are the ADRs of TCAs?

A

Sedation
Lower seizure threshold
Tachycardia
Constipation

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8
Q

What are examples of non-selective monoamine uptake inhibitors?

A

Venlafaxine

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9
Q

What are the ADRs of non-selective monoamine uptake inhibitors?

A

Sleep disturbance
Increased BP
Dry mouth

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10
Q

What are some symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia?

A

Basically a lack of contact with reality

  • disturbances of thinking
  • hallucinations
  • behavioural changes
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11
Q

What are some precipitating factors for schizophrenia?

A

Genetic
Biological
Upbringing

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12
Q

What neurotransmitter seems to be increased in most cases of schizophrenia?

A

Dopamine

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13
Q

What is Chlorpromazine?

A

Dopamine antagonist

Typical antipsychotic

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14
Q

What is the problem with giving dopamine antagonists?

A

Over time, will lead to Parkinsonism

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15
Q

What pathways are affected when you block D2 receptors?

A
  • nigrostriatal: tardive dyskinesia
  • mesocortical: enhanced negative psychotic symptoms
  • Mesolimbic: therapeutic action on positive schiz symptoms
  • tuberojnfundibular: hyperprolactinaemia
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16
Q

What are ADRs of antipsychotics?

A

Extra pyramidal side effects
Sedation
Hypotension
Tachycardia

17
Q

How is clozapine different to chlorpromazine?

A

It is an atypical antipsychotic
Good activity with less extrapyramidal side effects
Reduces negative symptoms

18
Q

What are ADRs of atypical antipsychotics?

A

Leukopenia
Excess salivation
Excessive weight gain
Sedation

19
Q

Why is it important to reduce ADRs in antipsychotics?

A

If you don’t, patients will stop taking meds and they will relapse

20
Q

What is anxiety?

A 
Fear out of proportion to a situation 
Physical symptoms include:
 - light headedness
 - shortness of breath
 - flushes 
 - nausea 
 - palpitations
21
Q

What is the first line treatment for anxiety?

A

CBT

22
Q

How do Benzodiazepines work?

A

Binds to BDZ receptors and enhance GABA action

They are highly lipid soluble and so CNS diffusion is rapid

23
Q

What are the ADRs of BZ’s?

A 
Drowsiness 
Dizziness 
Dry mouth 
GI upset 
Headaches
24
Q

What problems are caused by taking BZs during pregnancy?

A

Cleft lip and palate of the child

Can cause resp depression and feeding difficulties in the baby

25
Q

What can be used to treat BZ overdose?

A

Flumazenil

26
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Depression and hypomania
Over active
Poor concentration
Poor sleep

27
Q

How do you treat Bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium

Anti-epileptics

28
Q

What are the ADRs of lithium?

A

Memory problems
Thirst
Polyuria
Tremor

29
Q

What does Lithium toxicity cause?

A

Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Coarse tremor
Dysarthria

30
Q

How do you treat Lithium toxicity?

A

Anticonvulsants
Increased fluid intake and IV fluids
Haemodialysis if necessary

31
Q

What are the defensive factors of the stomach?

A

Epithelial integrity
Cell replication
Mucous membrane barrier
Vascular supply

32
Q

What is the monoamine hypothesis?

A

Deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters lead to depression

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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