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Pharmacology > Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants > Flashcards

Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants Flashcards

1
Q

How does Streptokinase work?

A

Fibrinolytics
Bind and activate plasminogen
This produces Plasmin
Plasmin breaks down Fibrin which is a major constituent of thrombi

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2
Q

What are Fibrinolytics used for?

A

Acute MI
Pulmonary Embolism
Major Venous Thrombosis

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3
Q

What is the window of oppurtunity for Fibrinolytics in IHD and stroke?

A

12 hours for coronary occlusion

3 hours for ischaemic stroke

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4
Q

What breaks down a Thrombus?

A

Normally cleared by Plasmin (converted from Plasminogen)

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5
Q

What is the risk behind all Fibrinolytics?

A

Haemorrhage in the brain and GI tract

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6
Q

Why is it important that Fibrinolytics are given as soon as possible in MI?

A

To prevent myocardial necrosis

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7
Q

When should you NOT give Fibrinolytics?

A

Active peptic ulcer
History of cerebral haemorrhage
Uncontrolled hypertension

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8
Q

Who shouldn’t you give Streptokinase to?

A

Someone who has taken it in the past

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9
Q

If someone has a stroke after taking a Fibrinolytic, what should you check for?

A

CT/MRI to establish whether the cause is Haemorrhagic or not

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Warfarin?

A

Inhibits Vitamin K dependent clotting factors

Clotting factors 2, 7, 9 and 10

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11
Q

How long does it take for Warfarin to start working?

A

A few days

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12
Q

What drugs interfere with the hepatic metabolism of Warfarin?

A

Aminodarone
Quinolone
Cimetidine
Alcohol

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13
Q

What interferes with platelet function in Warfarin?

A

Aspirin

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14
Q

What reduces vitamin k, affecting Warfarin action?

A

Cephalosporins

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15
Q

What are the main uses of Warfarin?

A

DVT
PE
AF

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16
Q

What are the ADRs of Warfarin?

A

Teratogenic

Bleeding/Bruising

17
Q

What is reversal therapy of Warfarin?

A

Parenteral Vitamin K

Fresh frozen plasma

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of heparin?

A

Activates anti thrombin 3

This deactivates factors needed for clotting including factor 2a

19
Q

How must Heparin be administered?

A

Parenterally (have poor GI absorption)

20
Q

Heparin is used to to prevent thrombo-embolism. In which circumstances is it specifically used?

A 
Peri-operatively
Immobility 
DVT
PE
AF
Acute coronary syndrome 
Pregnancy
21
Q

What are common bleeding and bruising sites when using Heparin?

A

Intracranial
Injection sites
GI loss
Epistaxis

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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