Deviance and Crime (Unit 5)

Question 1

Trends in Crime

Answer 1

The ways that crime is affected by events in history, and how past trends in crime will affect future trends in crime

Question 2

Social Control

Answer 2

observing the ways that social mechanisms, patterns, and pressure maintains order

Question 3

Labeling Theory

Answer 3

A theory that states that the way a person acts (and reacts to things) is based on the way that society groups them into a negative stereotype/labels them

Question 4

Retribution

Answer 4

The way that society punishes people–such as prison

Question 5

Rehabilitation

Answer 5

Taking someone unfit for society and training them to be a functional member of society, making sure that they are set up for success

Question 6

Recidivism

Answer 6

A previous felon falling back into the cycle of crime and prison

Question 7

“White-Collar Crime”

Answer 7

A crime done that involves money, typically done by those who wish to achieve a higher social status and is also typically nonviolent (Ex: Ponzi Scheme)

Question 8

Violent Crime

Answer 8

A crime committed that harm the victim physically–The FBI breaks violent crime into the four categories of sexual assault/rape, robbery, manslaughter/murder, and aggravated assault

Question 9

Crime

Answer 9

Deviation from society’s moral standards that are enforced by laws

Question 10

Internalization

Answer 10

Making society’s morals, values, priorities, and norms your own subconsciously

Question 11

Sanctions

Answer 11

A threat that indicates a group’s reactions to deviance and straying from the common morality (ex: the death penalty to encourage people to not commit horrible crimes)

Question 12

Stigma

Answer 12

A part of someone’s identity becoming inescapable and polarizing (ex: sex offender)

Question 13

Deviance

Answer 13

Straying from society’s view of ‘correct behavior’ or social norms

Question 14

Primary Deviance

Answer 14

An act of deviance committed by someone who is usually socially conforming (or is always acting ‘correct’), such as someone stealing a candy bar when they would usually never steal

Question 15

Secondary Deviance

Answer 15

The repetition of deviance, making it something a bit more expected of a person

Question 16

Differential Association

Answer 16

A theory that states that someone who commits a crime most likely did it because they had someone in their life commit crimes and it became a learned behavior

Question 17

Cultural Transmission

Answer 17

How the elements of a culture are passed down throughout generations, and therefore a culture of deviance can become prominent

Question 18

Strain Theory

Answer 18

A theory that claims that when people are struggling to achieve what society wants from them, they can often turn to deviance and crime to meet that expectation

Question 19

Innovation

Answer 19

The implementation of a new process or system that can be applied to a society to achieve an overall sense of betterment and well-being

Question 20

Retreatism

Answer 20

The attitude/idea of abandonment of an original idea that a goal is achievable

Question 21

Rebellion

Answer 21

An individual replacing socially acceptable goals with socially unacceptable goals/means of achieving that goal

Question 22

Ritualism

Answer 22

When someone continues an activity because it is a social norm even if said activity doesn’t align with the individual’s personal goals (ex: working 9-5 to make a livable wage even when you really want to work as a freelance wedding painter)

Question 23

Control Theory

Answer 23

The idea that there are always two forces working against our temptation to deviate–outer forces and inner forces

Question 24

Attachment

Answer 24

The extent that we care about what others think of us

Question 25

Commitment

Answer 25

When an individual makes a goal and follows through with a series of strenuous activity to achieve that goal