Developmental stages PART II Flashcards
- point in time when the learner is
most receptive to a teaching situation
Teachable moment
- Art and Science of helping children to learn
PEDAGOGY
A. INFANCY (FIRST 12 MONTHS OF LIFE) AND
TODDLERHOOD (1-2 YEARS OF AGE)
* Main focus of instruction for health maintenance of
children is geared toward the __ who are considered
to be the primary learners rather than the very young child.
parents
- Main focus of instruction for health maintenance of
children is geared toward the parents who are considered
to be the primary learners rather than the very young child.
A. INFANCY (FIRST 12 MONTHS OF LIFE) AND
TODDLERHOOD (1-2 YEARS OF AGE)
Focus of patient education: teaching the parents of very
young children the importance of stimulation, nutrition,
the practice of safety measures to prevent illness and
injury, and health promotion
INFANCY (FIRST 12 MONTHS OF LIFE) AND
TODDLERHOOD (1-2 YEARS OF AGE)
Piaget: sensorimotor period
INFANCY (FIRST 12 MONTHS OF LIFE) AND
TODDLERHOOD (1-2 YEARS OF AGE)
very young
child begins to develop object permanence – that is
realizing that objects and events exist even when
they cannot be seen, heard or touched.
INFANCY (FIRST 12 MONTHS OF LIFE) AND
TODDLERHOOD (1-2 YEARS OF AGE)
Motor activities: promote their understanding of the
world and an awareness of themselves as well as
others’ reactions in response to their own actions
INFANCY (FIRST 12 MONTHS OF LIFE) AND
TODDLERHOOD (1-2 YEARS OF AGE)
has rudimentary capacity for basic reasoning,
understands object permanence, has the
beginnings of memory, and begins to develop an
elementary concept of causality which refers to the
ability to grasp a cause-and-effect relationship
between two paired, successive events
Toddler
limited ability to recall past happenings or anticipate
future events
Toddler
short attention span, easily distracted, are egocentric in
their thinking and are not amenable to correction of their
own ideas
Toddler
they believe their own perceptions to be reality
Toddler
asking questions –hallmark of this age group
Toddler
curiosity – abounds as they explore places and things
Toddler
can respond to simple, step-by-step commands and obey
such directives
Toddler
language skills: acquired rapidly during this period and
parents should be encouraged to foster this aspect of
development by talking with and listening to their child
Toddler
fantasizing and make-believe play
Toddler
because of limited cognitive capacity they may feel that
illness and hospitalization are a punishment for something
they did wrong
Toddler
egocentric causation – children attributing the cause of
illness to the consequences of their own transgressions
Toddler
learning occurs through interactions with others and
trough mimicking or modeling the behaviors of playmates
and adults
B. EARLY CHILDHOOD (3-5 YEARS)
trust vs mistrust
o children must work through their first major
dilemma of developing a sense of trust with
their primary caretaker
Toddler
autonomy vs shame and doubt
o learning to balance feelings of love and hate
and learn to cooperate and control willful
desires
Toddler
autonomy vs shame and doubt
o learning to balance feelings of love and hate
and learn to cooperate and control willful
desires
Toddler
Begin to develop the capacity to recall past experiences
and anticipate future events
B. EARLY CHILDHOOD (3-5 YEARS)
Can classify objects into groups and categories but have
only a vague understanding of their relationships
B. EARLY CHILDHOOD (3-5 YEARS)
Thinking remains literal and concrete – they believe what
is seen and heard
B. EARLY CHILDHOOD (3-5 YEARS)
Precausal thinking – allows young children to understand
that people can make things happen, but they are
unaware of causation as the result of invisible physical
and mechanical forces
B. EARLY CHILDHOOD (3-5 YEARS)
Fantasy and reality are not well differentiated
B. EARLY CHILDHOOD (3-5 YEARS)
Mix fact and fiction, tend to generalize, think magically,
develop imaginary playmates, and believe they can control
events with their thoughts
B. EARLY CHILDHOOD (3-5 YEARS)
