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midterm > ASSESSING EYES > Flashcards

ASSESSING EYES Flashcards

1
Q

transmits visual stimuli to the brain for interpretation and, in
doing so, functions as the organ of vision.

A

EYES

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2
Q

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EYE

A

Eyelids
Eyelashes
Conjunctiva
Lacrimal apparatus
Extraocular muscles

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3
Q

– the white space between open eyelids

A

Palpebral fissure

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3
Q

(upper and lower) are two movable structures composed of
skin and two types of muscle: striated and smooth

A

Eyelids

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4
Q

Medial canthus
– a small, fleshy mass that contains
sebaceous glands.

A

Caruncle

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4
Q

protect the eye from foreign bodies; limit the
amount of light entering the eye; serve to distribute tears
that lubricate the surface of the eye

A

Eyelids

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5
Q

The eyelids join at 2 points:

A

the lateral (outer) canthus and
medial (inner) canthus

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5
Q

Medial canthus
-2 small openings that allow
drainage of tears into the lacrimal system

A

Puncta

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6
Q

Conjunctiva is a thin, transparent, continuous membrane that is divided
into two portions:

A

a palpebral and a bulbar portion.

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7
Q

are projections of stiff hair curving outward along the
margins of the eyelids that filter dust and dirt from air entering the eye.

A

Eyelashes

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8
Q

is a thin, transparent, continuous membrane that is divided into two portions: a palpebral and a bulbar portion.

A

Conjunctiva

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9
Q

Conjunctiva
– lines the inside of the eyelids

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

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10
Q

consists of glands and ducts that lubricate the eye

A

Lacrimal apparatus

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11
Q

Conjunctiva
– covers most of the anterior eye,
merging with the cornea at the limbus.

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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12
Q

located in the upper outer corner of the
orbital cavity just above the eye, produces tears.

A

Lacrimal gland –

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13
Q

are the six muscles attached to the outer surface of each eyeball. These muscles control six different directions of eye movement.

A

Extraocular muscles

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13
Q

Eyeball is composed of three separate coats or layers.

A

External layer
Sclera
Cornea

Middle layer contains both an anterior portion, which
includes the iris and the ciliary body, and a posterior
layer, which includes the choroid.

o Innermost layer- the retina,

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14
Q

dense, protective, white covering that
physically supports the internal structures of
the eye.

A

Sclera

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15
Q

permits the entrance of light, which passes
through the lens to the retina

A

Cornea

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16
Q

is a cream-colored, circular area
located on the retina toward the medial or
nasal side of the eye.

A

Optic disc

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17
Q

consists of muscle tissue that controls the thickness of the lens, which must be adapted to focus on objects near and far away.

A

Ciliary Body

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18
Q

circular disc of muscle containing pigments that determine
eye color

A

Iris

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19
Q
  • central aperture of the iris
A

Pupil

20
Q

a biconvex, transparent, avascular, encapsulated structure
located immediately posterior to the iris.

A

Lens

21
Q

Refractive ability of the lens can be changed by a change
in shape of the lens (which is controlled by the

A

ciliary
body).

22
Q

Lens Adjustments must be made in ____ depending on the
distance of the object being viewed.

A

refraction

23
Q

contains the vascularity necessary to provide nourishment
to the inner aspect of the eye and prevents light from
reflecting internally

A

Choroid Layer

24
Q

The lens____ to focus on close objects and _____ to
focus on far objects.

A

bulges

flattens

25
Q

Retina consists of numerous layers of nerve cells, including the
cells commonly called

A

rods and cones

26
Q

extends only to the ciliary body anteriorly
* It receives visual stimuli and sends it to the brain
* consists of numerous layers of nerve cells, including the
cells commonly called rods and cones

A

Retina

27
Q

retinal depression located adjacent to the
optic disc in the temporal section of the fundus; this area is
surrounded by the macula, which appears darker than the
rest of the fundus

A

fovea centralis

27
Q

refers to what a person sees with one
eye.

A

Visual Fields and Visual Pathways

27
Q

are dark red and grow progressively narrower as they
extend out to the peripheral areas
* Arterioles carry oxygenated blood and appear brighter red
and narrower than the veins

A

Retinal Vessels

28
Q

The visual field of each eye can be divided into
four quadrants:

A

upper temporal, lower temporal,
upper nasal, and lower nasal.

29
Q

occurs as light rays strike the
retina, where they are transformed into nerve
impulses, conducted to the brain through the optic
nerve, and interpreted.

A

Visual perception

30
Q

Pupillary light reflex causes pupils immediately to
constrict when exposed to bright light.

A

Visual Reflexes

31
Q

Used to test distant visual acuity, consists of lines of different letters
stacked one above the other.

A

o Snellen Chart

32
Q

Used if the client cannot read or has a
handicap that prevents verbal communication.
Configured just like the Snellen chart but the
characters on it are only Es, which face in all
directions.

A

E Chart

33
Q
  • Near vision is assessed in clients over
    40 years of age by holding the pocket screener or newspaper print 14 inches from the
    eye. Clients who have decreased accommodation to
    view closer print will have to move the card or
    newspaper further away to see it.
A

Jaeger Test

34
Q

is a hand-held instrument that allows the examiner to
view the fundus of the eye by the projection of light
through a prism that bends the light 90 degrees.

A

Ophthalmoscope

35
Q

(e.g., blind right
eye)

A

Unilateral blindness

36
Q

(loss of vision
in both temporal fields)

A
  • Bitemporal hemianopia
37
Q

___ or
similar loss of vision (homonymous) in
quadrant of each field

A

Left superior quadrant anopia

38
Q

Right visual field loss—___ or similar
loss of vision in half of each field

A

right
homonymous hemianopia

39
Q

Normal in young children, the pupils will appear at
the inner canthus (due to the epicanthic fold)

A

Pseudostrabismus

40
Q

(eye turns inward).

A

Esotropia

41
Q

– drooping eye

A

Ptosis

41
Q

(eye turns outward)

A

o Exotropia

42
Q
  • inwardly turned lower eyelid
A

Extropion

43
Q

– generalized inflammation of the
conjunctiva

A

Conjunctivitis

44
Q

– staphylococcal infection of the eyelid

A

Blepharitis

44
Q
  • protruding eyeballs and retracted eyelids
A

Exophthalmos -

45
Q
  • infected meibomian gland
A

Chalazion

46
Q
  • inflammation of the sclera
A

Diffuse episcleritis

47
Q

ABNORMALITIES OF THE CORNEA

A

Corneal Scar
o appears grayish white, usually is due to an old injury
or inflammation
* Early pterygium
o thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that extends
across the nasal side

48
Q

ABNORMALITIES OF THE LENS

A

Nuclear Cataract
o appear gray when seen with a flashlight
o appear as a black spot against the red reflex when
seen through an ophthalmoscope
* Peripheral/Cataract
o look like gray spokes that point inward when seen
with a flashlight
o look like black spokes that point inward against the
red reflex when seen through an ophthalmoscope

midterm (33 decks)

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