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AP Psych > Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Developmental Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

When I child feels anxiety when a stranger is introduced into their environment

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2
Q

Secure attachment

A

Explore using mom as a base
Distress when mom leaves
Reserved interest in stranger
Excitement when mom returns

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3
Q

Resistant attachment

A

Very clingy
Distress when mom leaves
No interest in stranger
Cried when mom came back too

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4
Q

Avoidant attachment

A

Not interested in mom or stranger

Just went out an explored

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5
Q

Authoritarian/Dictatorial

A

Little independence for their children and are strict and harsh

Kids have poor self control and handle independence poorly

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6
Q

Authoritative

A

Compromise and learning from mistakes, are kind but not too kind

Kids are socially competent, self reliant, and socially responsible

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7
Q

Permissive indifferent

A

Interact little with their kids, don’t know where they are and don’t really care about their kids

These kids have poor self control and don’t handle independence very well

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8
Q

Permissive indulgent

A

Parents are involved but place few limits on their kids, pushover

Kids have no respect for others and can’t control their behaviors

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9
Q

Assimilation

A

When we try to fit new material into an existing SCHEMA

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10
Q

Accommodation

A

When a child learns to create a new SCHEMA for a new object

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11
Q

SCHEMA

A

Mental category

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12
Q

Sensorimotor

A

0-2

Sensory skills- babies putting things into their mouths

Motor skills- figuring out body parts

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13
Q

Object permanence

A

Babases realize that when things are out of sight they aren’t actually gone

Ex: Peek a Boo

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14
Q

Preoperational

A

3-7
Child is very egocentric

Lacks reversibility ( being able to see a situation from another point of view)

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15
Q

Concrete operational

A

7-11
The child develops conservation (ability to understand things look different but can be the same ex: the juice glasses)

The child masters the concept of reversibility

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16
Q

Formal operational

A

12+

The child develops the ability to think hypothetically (about concepts that aren’t tangible like history and algebra)

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17
Q

Vygotsky - modeling and scaffolding

A

Modeling and scaffolding

Show a child how each concept works a couple of times then they can do it for themselves

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18
Q

Pre conventional

A

0-8

Make moral decisions based on rewards and consequences

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19
Q

Conventional

A

9-12

Make decisions based on peer influence

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20
Q

Post conventional

A

12+

Moral decisions based on the greater good, your ethical code

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21
Q

Carol Gillian

A

Criticized Kohlberg because he only studied white males

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22
Q

Stage 1

Trust vs Mistrust

A

0-1

Trust- developed from consisten care of needs

Mistrust- developed from inconsistent care of needs

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23
Q

Stage 2

Autonomy vs shame/doubt

A

1-3

Autonomy- self dependent (let kids do things by themselves)

Shame/Doubt- don’t allow kids to do things by themselves

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24
Q

Stage 3

Initiative vs guilt

A

3-6

Initiative- see that something needs to be done and they do it

Guilt- tell kids to stop their inititative

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25
Q

Stage 4

Industry vs inferiority

A

6-12

Industry- making/creating things

Inferiority- criticized for making/ creating things

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26
Q

Stage 5

Identity vs role confusion

A

Adolescence

Identity- beliefs, friend group, morals, career interests

Role confusion- not knowing what you’re doing with your life

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27
Q

Stage 6

Intimacy vs isolation

A

Young adulthood

Intimacy- hoe strong you are able to maintain a relationship

Isolation- not having many strong relationships

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28
Q

Stage 7

Generativity vs stagnation

A

Middle adulthood

Generativity- having a family, getting a house, working in your career, basically being a productive member to society

Stagnation- not doing anything, nothing is meaningful, basically a mid life crisis

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29
Q

Stage 8

Ego integrity vs despair

A

Late adulthood

Ego integrity- looking back on your life and feeling proud and happy

Despair- looking back on your life and having major regrets or mistakes

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30
Q

Oral

A

0-1.5

Eating and putting tugs in their mouth

Oral fixation- over fed as a baby

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31
Q

Anal

A

1.5-3

Potty training

Anal retentive- over compulsive, potty trained as a baby

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32
Q

Phallic

A

3-7

Figuring out that boys and girls are different

Penis envy

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33
Q

Latency

A

7-11

Repressing earlier conflicts

Boys and girls have cooties

34
Q

Genital

A

12+

Sexual relationships

35
Q

Fixation

A

Super focused on one thing

36
Q

Identity diffusion

A

I don’t know what I want to do and I don’t care

37
Q

Identity foreclosure

A

I want to be a doctor because mom and dad always wanted me to

38
Q

Identity moratorium

A

I don’t know what I want to do but I am trying to figure it out

39
Q

Identity achievement

A

I know what I want to do and I am in the process of getting there

40
Q

Denial

A

Denying that something is wrong with you

41
Q

Anger

A

Mad at diagnosis

42
Q

Bargaining

A

Higher power or medical professional

43
Q

Sadness

A

Dispare

44
Q

Acceptance

A

Learned to live with it

45
Q

Phenomes

A

Basic phonics and language sounds

46
Q

Morphemes

A

Smallest unit of language with meaning

47
Q

Grammar

A

Rules of a language

48
Q

Semantics

A

Rules for the meanings of words

49
Q

Syntax

A

Rules for the order of words

50
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

Our brain is set up for learning language, once we hear a consistent language around us our brain soaks it up

51
Q

Linguistic Determinism / Whorf

A

Our vocabulary determines the nature of our thoughts (ex: I think about diving because I know diving terms)

52
Q

Over regularization

A

Over use of a grammar rule

“I did it the bestist”

53
Q

Over extension

A

Using a word too broadly

Ex: calling all tissues Kleenex

54
Q

Zygote

A

Begins as a single cell but begins to divide rapidly in the days following fertilization

55
Q

Embryo

A

2 weeks - 2 month

First stages in development of a child in the mother

56
Q

Fetus

A

9 weeks - Birth

Longest stage of baby being in the mom

57
Q

Teratogens

A

Viruses that can hurt the fetus

Ex: Zika

58
Q

Rooting reflex

A

A baby turns toward the hand it is touched with when it is touched on the cheek

59
Q

Habituation

A

When a baby is used to someone they are continually exposed to

60
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

When the mother drinks while she is pregnant

61
Q

Maturation

A

The process in which an individual matures

62
Q

Moro reflex

A

A baby is stimulated by a loud noise or something that startles them and they curl up in a ball to protect themselves

63
Q

Grasping reflex

A

When a baby instinctually grabs onto hands and fingers when they are young

64
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

Twins from the same egg

Identical

65
Q

Imprinting

A

Ex: with the ducks and that guy and the ducks thought he was their mom because they were exposed to him first at birth

66
Q

Temperament

A

Behavior of the baby

Crabby
Happy
Sad
Etc.

67
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Twins from different eggs

Fraternal twins

68
Q

Phenotype

A

A physical trait you can see

69
Q

Genotype

A

A trait that is in someone’s genes but may not be an,emto be seen

70
Q

Gross motor skills

A

Walking, running, etc.

71
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Drawing, writing, eating with a fork and knife, etc.

72
Q

Lorenz

A

Worked on imprinting with the geese

73
Q

Harlow

A

Monkeys and contact comfort

74
Q

Contact comfort

A

Ex: the monkeys valued the warm doll over the doll that was giving them food because they felt safe near the warm fuzzy doll

75
Q

Critical period

A

A period in which a child is very susceptible to things in their development and it is important they develop certain skills during that period

76
Q

X chromosome

A

Girls XX

Guys have it too

77
Q

Y chromosome

A

Guys XY

Girls don’t have it

78
Q

Gender roles

A

Roles in our society in which the genders are supposed to do. Basically stereotypes.

79
Q

Social learning

A

People learn from one another

80
Q

Theory of mind

A

Ones beliefs and desires and the ability to understand that these differ from person to person

81
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

A period of time in which development is rapid and important

82
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

Using the least amount of words and such to communicate. Used by babies a lot to communicate things. Usually uses crude grammar and minimal words.

AP Psych (8 decks)

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