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AP Psych > Cognition and Memory > Flashcards

Cognition and Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Encodeing

A

Taking information in and processing it

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2
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Repeat the info over and over to try to remember

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3
Q

Chunking

A

Grouping information together that needs to be remembered so we can remember it

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4
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

Add meaning or detail to help remember the info better

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5
Q

Mnemonic devices

A

Strange or unusual associations to help us remember info better

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6
Q

Method of Loci

A

Remembering info by visualizing it in various familiar places

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7
Q

Serial position effect

A

Tend to remember the first and last pieces of info the best

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8
Q

Proactive interference

A

Old info blocks new info from being remembered

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9
Q

Retroactive interference

A

New info blocks old info from being remembered

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10
Q

Sensory memory

A

A very short piece of sensory info

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11
Q

Iconic

A

Visual sensory memory

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12
Q

Eidetic

A

Photographic memory

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13
Q

Echoic

A

Auditory

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14
Q

Short term memory

A

Brief store house for info

15-20 seconds

5-7 items

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15
Q

Working memory

A

Another name for short term memory

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16
Q

Long term memory

A

Relatively permanent store house for all types of memory

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17
Q

Long term potentiation

A

Neural connections that get stronger with each time we process and use a piece of info in our memory

*repetition

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18
Q

Explicit/Declarative Memory

A

Meteorites you must use effort to recall

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19
Q

Nondeclarative/implicite memory

A

Memories that do not take effort to recall

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20
Q

Procedural memories

A

“How to” memories

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21
Q

Semantic memory

A

Facts/words/language

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22
Q

Episodic memory

A

Memories of your life

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23
Q

Flashbulb memory

A

Vivid powerful memories tied to an emotion or stress

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24
Q

Hippocampus

A

Stores your short term memory

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25
Cerebellum
Balance and long term memory
26
Recall
Remembering info without any cue
27
Recognition
Given options from which to choose the right answer
28
Priming
Giving you background info/gets you back into the right mindset to recall info
29
Deja vu
Feel like something has happened before
30
Mood congruent memory
We tend to remember things at times when we felt a similar mood
31
State dependent learning/the encoding specificity principle
More likely to remember info if we are in the same mental "state"
32
Anterograde amnesia
Can no longer from any new memories
33
Retrograde amnesia
Cannot remember anything from your past
34
Repression
The controversial idea that we can block out unwanted memories
35
Source amnesia
You remember info, but inaccurately remember where you learned it
36
Misinformation affect
When conflicting info is given after an event, it affects our memory of the event itself
37
Confabulation
The act of creating a false memory
38
Forgetting curve
After learning info if it isn't practiced we rapidly forget
39
Spacing effect
Practice info a bit over time to aid in remembering that info
40
Automatic processing
Encoding like muscle memory
41
Effortful processing
Takes time and effort to encode the info
42
Visual encoding
The process of encoding images and visual sensory info
43
Acoustic encoding
The use of auditory stimuli or hearing to implant memories
44
Semantic encoding
The processing and encoding of sensory input that has particular meaning or can be applied to a context
45
Relearning
A way of measuring retention by measuring how much faster one relearns material that has been previously learned and forgotten
46
Ebbinghaus
Pioneered the experimental study of memory and cognition
47
Miller
The idea of short term memory and 5-7 items stored
48
Loftus
Misinformation effect and confabulation
49
Atkinson and shiffrin
The idea of memory storage
50
Kohler
Insight learning When one suddenly realizes how to solve a problem
51
Concept
Overall categories that ideas/objects/ events fit into
52
Prototype
The main example of each concept for an individual
53
Algorithm
A problem solving strategy where you try every possible solution and you eventually get the answer but it's slow
54
Heuristic
A problem solving strategy that uses a rule of thumb or a shortcut to find the answer, it is faster but can easily lead to mistakes
55
Insight
The aha moment of understanding
56
Creativity
The phenomenon where so,etching new and valuable is formed, it does not need to be a tangible object but it still holds value
57
Availability heuristic
A problem solving strategy when we make a decision based on information that most readily comes to mind
58
Representativeness heuristic
A problem solving strategy based on a stereotype or generalization
59
Overconfidence
A cognitive bias where you think you were right all along
60
Confirmation bias
A cognitive bias where you tend to think so,thing is true even though it isn't
61
Fixation/mental set
We can only think of one way to solve a problem
62
Functional fixedness
We can only think of a normal use for an object
63
Belief perseverance
Clinging to ones initial belief even though contradicting evidence has been discovered
64
Framing
A cognitive bias where you react to a certain situation the way it is presented to you

AP Psych (8 decks)

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