Developmental chapter 9 (Intelligence and Creativity) Flashcards
psychometric approach on Intelligence
A way of studying and measuring intelligence by creating and using tests to assess different mental abilities
fluid intelligence
the ability to use your mind actively to solve problems, in a flexible way
crystallized intelligence
the use of knowledge acquired throughout life
How Piaget defined intelligence?
As, thinking or behavior that is adaptive to the situation and
environment
{other experts defined intelligence as abstract thinking or effective problem-solving}
Spearman 2-factor theory of intelligence
- general mental ability (performance on all kinds of tasks)
- special abilities
savant syndrome
a person can be very good at one thing but very bad at others
Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence
(practical intelligence, creative intelligence, analytic intelligence)
- practical intelligence → the ability to apply knowledge and skills to solve real-life
problems and adapt to new situations - creative intelligence → the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems
- analytic intelligence → the ability to analyze, compare, and evaluate information to
solve problems
convergent thinking
→ finding the correct answer to a problem
ideational fluency
the sheer number of different ideas one can come up with
investment theory of creativity
creativity emerges from a junction of 6 factors
- the 3 types of intelligence (triarchic model)
- enough knowledge of something to assess the current state and what’s missing
- thinking style that involves mentally playing with ideas
- personality style that can go outside the box
- motivation to stay focused and not give up
- environment that supports creativity
General Adaptive Composite (infants)
score that compares to others of the same age
changes in the brains of teenagers reflect:
→ impressive cognitive advances
→ more stable IQ scores
Flynn effect
phenomenon where the average IQ scores have increased everywhere (education and improved economic conditions)
Creativity (the child)
- creativity initially increases until age 6 but the decreases
- possible increases occur from high school to adulthood
- in education, convergent thinking is emphasized
- genetic influences are important for individual differences in IQ but insignificant for creativity
↳ home environments and parents have a significant impact on creativity
IQ and School Achievement
- IQ tests are very good predictors of academic achievement in adolescence
- the ability to elaborate on ideas (which is creative) increases in adolescence because it is rewarded by education
(The Adult) intelligence
- general intelligence is related to income, occupation, and job performance
- IQ is correlated with health and longevity
Fostering Creativity
- talent and motivation are important for people to flourish in creative fields
- good knowledge base in a field is a necessary component of creativity
dysrationalia
inability to think and behave rationally despite having good intelligence
dual process approach to cognition
{suggest 2 ways of thinking}
system 1: (cognitive miser)
- automatic → based on heuristics (mental shortcut)
- can generate responses almost without thinking
- easy and quick
- can generate incorrect answers
system 2:
- slow and deliberate
- rational
- usually generates correct answers
Changes In IQ With Age
intelligence seems stable over adulthood
↳ generational differences are noticed
- fluid intelligence declines earlier and more than crystallized intelligence
- the working memory weakens as people age
- cognitively stimulating activities can reduce the decline of fluid intelligence
↳ intellectual decline is not universal
predictors of decline in intelligence
- poor health and an unstimulating lifestyle are good predictors of decline in intelligence
Wisdom
wisdom is not the same as intelligence
- definitions of wisdom:
→ a mix of rich factual knowledge about life, and procedural knowledge (ex: strategies
for giving advice)
→ successful intelligence combined with creativity to solve problems that require
balancing multiple perspectives
- age is not a good predictor of wisdom
Factors That Influence IQ Scores Over The Life Span
genes and environments
cumulative-deficit hypothesis
impoverished (poor) environments prohibit intellectual growth, and the effects of this accumulate over time
giftedness
- significantly above-average intellectual functioning, usually with very special abilities or talents
- research suggest there is a strong genetic influence on giftedness
