Developmental chapter 15

Question 1

The 3 criteria that form a line between normal and abnormal behavior

Answer 1

(1) statistical deviance (does the behavior fall outside the normal range of behavior)

(2) maladaptiveness ( behaviors, actions, or traits that are counterproductive or harmful to an individual’s well-being and ability to function effectively in their environment)

(3) Personal distress (the emotional discomfort, anxiety, or unease that a person experiences in response to challenging situations, stress, or the distress of others

Question 2

DSM Diagnostic Criteria (for depression)

Answer 2

AT LEAST 5, including one of the first 2, for at least 2 week

• depressed moode nearly every day
• greatly decreased interest and pleasure in actvities
• significant weight loss or gain
• insomnia or sleeping too much
• agitation, restlessness, slowness
• loss of energy
• feelings worthlessness, extreme guilt
• decreased ability to think or concentrate, indecisiveness
• recurring thoughts of death, suicide - actual plans or attempts

Question 3

Developmental PSYCHOPATHOLOGY:

Answer 3

Abnormal ,social and communication development,
restricted interests, and repetitive behavior
/
the study of mental disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and treatments

Question 4

diathesis-stress model

Answer 4

results from interaction over time between diathesis
(predisposition to psychological disorders) and stressful experiences

Question 5

Asperger syndrome

Answer 5

mild form of ASD, average intelligence, good verbal skills, and social
relationships but has deficient social cognitive (ental abilities that help individuals understand, interpret, and respond to social interactions and the behaviors of others) and communication
skills

Question 6

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer 6

abnormal social and communication development, restricted interests, and repetitive behavior

Question 7

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)

Answer 7

applying reinforcement principles to teach skills, change behavior, and shape social and language skills in children with autism

Question 7

Biological aspect of ASD

Answer 7

• ASD is comorbid with many other disorders
• Many ASD children show neurological abnormalities:
  → early brain overgrowth
  → later underconnectivity between brain area involved in social
  cognition
• Genetics play an important role in the development of ASD

Question 8

(For the child) externalizing problems

Answer 8

lack of self-control and acting out in ways that disturb other people
and violate social expectations

Question 9

(For the child) internalizing problems

Answer 9

negative emotions are bottled up, rather than expressed externall

Question 10

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Answer 10

diagnosed if either one of the following symptoms or a combination of the two, is present:
→ inattention
→ hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 11

ADHD details

Answer 11

difficulties in executive functions (a set of mental skills that help people manage their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to achieve goals)

• problems with dopamine and norepinephrine

Question 12

Depression details

Answer 12

• children as young as 3 can meet the DSM criteria for major depressive disorder
• cognitive behavioral therapy is an approach that identifies and changes distorted thinking and the maladaptive emotions and behavior that stem from it
• parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) → for very young children
  ↳ behavior therapy focused on improving the relationship between a child and their caregiver

-

-

Question 13

Substance Use Disorder

Answer 13

when a person continues to use a substance despite adverse consequences such as physically dangerous situations, performance impairment, etc

Question 14

ruminative coping

Answer 14

→ dwelling unproductively on problems, often with other friends
↳ can explain greater stress in girls

Question 14

Depression and suicidal behavior (details)

Answer 14

depression rates climb in adolescence and adulthood
↳ the rate for females doubles compared to the male rate

adolescents attempt suicide more frequently than adults do

Question 15

dementia leaves two signs in the brain:

Answer 15

senile plaques (abnormal clumps of protein that build up in the spaces between nerve cells in the brain)

neurofibrillary tangles (abnormal accumulations of a protein called tau inside neurons)

Question 15

dementia

Answer 15

progressive deterioration of neural functioning associated with cognitive decline

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common subtype of dementia

Question 16

vascular dementia

Answer 16

multi-infarct dementia, caused by a series of minor strokes that cut off the blood supply to areas of the brain

Question 17

Lewy body dementia

Answer 17

fluctuations in cognitive functioning, visual hallucinations, and often
motor and balance problems

Question 17

reversible dementias

Answer 17

→ cases of significant cognitive decline that can be treated/cured

Question 18

cognitive reserve

Answer 18

extra brain power or cognitive capacity that some people can fall back on as aging and disease begin to take a toll on brain functioning

Question 19

delirium

Answer 19

disturbance of the consciousness that marked by periods of disorientation, confusion, wandering attention and hallucination

It is treatable

emerges more rapidly than dementia and comes and goes over the day