Developmental 3 And Behaviourist: Bandura

Question 0

What is the definition of social learning theory?

Answer 0

People learn by observing and imitating others; the modelling process.

1. Behaviour modelled by role model
2. Observer identifies with role model
3. Behaviour is observed+noted
4. Behaviour imitated+learned
5. Whether behaviour repeated depends on reinforcement+rewards

Question 1

What is the background?

Answer 1

•Classical conditioning= learning through association of objects or sounds with behaviour
-E.g Pavlov’s exp on his dog with ringing a bell and receiving steak

•Operant conditioning= learning through rewards and punishment, can be pos or neg reinforcement/punishment
-E.g negatively punishing a student by a detention as taking free time

Question 2

What was the aim?

Answer 2

To see if children will imitate aggressive behaviour- even if in different environments and without a model present.

Question 3

What were the 4 hypotheses?

Answer 3

1. Children exposed to aggressive model imitate most aggressive acts
2. Non aggressive model= inhibit aggressive behaviours
3. Gender of role model significant as girls and boys positively/negatively reinforced for different behaviours
4. Boys more likely to be aggressive as positively reinforced but girls negatively

Question 4

What was the sample?

Answer 4

72 children from Stanford University Nursery school, 36 boys 36 girls
37-69 months
AVG 52 months

Question 5

How were the PPs matched?

Answer 5

MATCHED PAIRS
= rated on aggression by nursery teacher + gender

•AGGRESSIVE= 12 boys+12 girls

• 6 boys female model, 6 male
• 6 girls female model, 6 male
• NON AGGRESSIVE ^
• CONTROL= 12 boys + 12 girls

Question 6

What were the 4 IVs?

Answer 6

1. An adult present or not
2. Model male or female
3. Model aggressive/not/none
4. PP male or female

Question 7

What was stage 1?

Answer 7

MODELLING 
•children entered room individually and model invited in
•model went to corner containing a tinker toy set, mallet+ 5ft Bobo doll
•non aggressive= played with tinker 
•aggressive= physical+verbal to Bobo
-struck with mallet
-tossed it in the air
-kicked it round the room
-verbal comments "Pow!"
Repeated 3 times 
•child taken to other room after 10mins

Question 8

What was stage 2?

Answer 8

AGGRESSION AROUSAL
•child allowed to play with a nice toy e.g doll, fire engine, key fighter
•taken away after 2 mins and told other children could play with it
•taken to room 3

Provoke aggression to see how child truly has self control.

Question 9

What was stage 3?

Answer 9

DELAYED IMITATION
•contained aggressive+non toys including Bobo doll
•child in room for 20 mins

Question 10

How was the data recorded?

Answer 10

• blind observer in corner of room
• other behind 1 way mirror
• time sampling= 5 second intervals, 240 observations per PP

Question 11

What were the behaviours observed?

Answer 11

•imitation of aggressive acts 
E.g child hit doll with mallet
•imitation of aggressive phrases 
E.g repeating "kick him"
•imitation of non-aggressive phrases
E.g "he sure is a tough fella"

Question 12

What were the results?

Answer 12

1. Aggressive model= more aggressive acts 
Girls: 5.5 (FM) 7.2 (MM) AGG PHYS  
         2.5 (FM) 0.0 (MM) NON PHYS 
Boys: 12.4 (FM) 25.8 (MM) AGG PHYS
           0.2 (FM) 1.5 (MM) NON PHYS 

2. Boys more likely to imitate same sex models than girls
   Girls: 5.5 (FM) AGG PHYS
   Boys: 25.8 (MM) AGG PHYS
3. Boys gave more physically aggressive while girls verbal
   Girls: 13.7 (FM) 2.0 (MM)
   Boys: 4.3 (FM) 12.7 (MM)

Question 13

What are some evaluations?

Answer 13

✔️matched groups= control PP variables such as naturally aggressive
✔️lab= high control of extraneous
✔️no physical harm or deception

✖️no right to withdraw and distressed
✖️low Eco v
✖️may not be caused by stage 2= could get bored as 20 mins or frustrated from tinker toy set