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HISTO > Development of Muscle and Nerve > Flashcards

Development of Muscle and Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

intermeditae horn

A

cells for ANS, up to T spine and L spine

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2
Q

why neural crest cells are sometimes referred to as the 4th germ layer

A

neural crest cells are migratory. they are the derivative fo so many tissue types. they go up at the top of the fused neural tube then migrate away and down.

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3
Q

somatotopic organization of the developing brain stem and spinal cord

A

Dorsally: alar = sensory(dorsal horn),
Ventrally: basal, motor (ventral horn)

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4
Q

maternal diet in their prevention

A

folic acid bb

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5
Q

smooth and cardiac muscle derivative

A

visceral splanchnic mesoderm

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6
Q

Primary myogenesis

A

embryonic stage in the somites

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7
Q

dorsal side of spinal nerve

A

neural crest cells give rise to the dorsal root ganglion

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8
Q

what doe sthe myotome split up into

A

epimere: deep back/erector spinae muscles
hypomere: ventral, hypoaxial muscles

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9
Q

hydrocephalus

A

water head baby

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10
Q

rhombecephalon

A

hindbrain

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11
Q

what do neural blasts differentiate into

A

neurons

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12
Q

Three primary brain ventrivles

A

prosencephalon, mesencephalon,rhombecephalon

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13
Q

sclerotome

A

resegmentation occurs so that the nerve can go thru to the muscle

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14
Q

where does sensory and motor converge from the dorsal and ventral horns?

A

This leads to the spinal nerve itself

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15
Q

ventral side of spinal nerve

A

motor nerves via mantle layer of teh basal plate

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16
Q

neural tube defect

A

anencephaly and spina bifida. Anencephaly is where anterior neuropore doesn’t close, spina bifida is failure of caudal one to close

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17
Q

The ____ layer dfferentiates into the ___ of teh spinal cord

A

the marginal layer into the whiet matter

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18
Q

secondary brain vesicles

A

telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon

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19
Q

meningomyelocele

A

whole ass cord out

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20
Q

myotome

A

motor innervation

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21
Q

what does the myotome split up into

A

epimere: deep back/erector spinae muscles
hypomere: ventral, hypoaxial muscles

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22
Q

glial cell in CNS that produces myelin

A

oligodendrocytes

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23
Q

metencephalon

A

cerebellum and pons

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24
Q

What does the neuroepithelium surround

A

the neural tube

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25
Q

Ventral pathway of neural crest cells

A

dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic chain ganglia, tehy all go thru the somites

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26
Q

which way does the dorsal root ganglion go

A

towards the alar plate and the receptors

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27
Q

what are the ventral and dorsal horns

A

for teh CNS and PNS

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28
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

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29
Q

What is a spinal nerve?

A

exit from the vertebrae, all of tehm are mixed for S or M

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30
Q

what is a ganglia

A

neural cell bodies outside of central nervous system

31
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebrum ina dult

32
Q

striated skeletal muscle derivative

A

somitomeres vai paraaxial mesoderm

33
Q

hydrocephalus

A

water head baby due to blockage between the 3rd and 4th ventricles

34
Q

somite differentiation into

A

dermatome, myotome, sclerotome

35
Q

Dorsal pathway of neural crest cells

A

future melanocytes

36
Q

ventricles of brain

A

has CSF

37
Q

meningomyelocele

A

whoel ass cord out

38
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

39
Q

Ventral pathway of neural crest cells

A

dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic chain ganglia, they all go thru the somites

40
Q

Three primary brain ventrivles

A

prosencephalon, mesencephalon,rhombecephalon

41
Q

Primary myogenesis

A

embryonic stage in the somites
myoblasts fuse

42
Q

neuroblasts will form the__ layer which will lead to the ___ of the spinal chord

A

mantle layer to become the gray matter

43
Q

prosencephalon

A

forebrain

44
Q

meningocele

A

protrusion of the meninges

45
Q

Rachischisis

A

no brain no back

46
Q

outgrowing motor axons

A

convey motor info, connected to ventral side of spinal nerve

47
Q

central canal

A

CSF,

48
Q

Recall the process of neurulation

A

Where the neural plate folds in dorsally and fuse at the midline, neural groove –> neural tube

49
Q

dermatome

A

sensory portion

50
Q

What can form if spina bifida happens

A

meningomyocele

51
Q

Is when these cross in teh spinal cord

A

Decussation is when the roof and floor plates cross

52
Q

Ventral root derives from the…

A

Cells of the basal plate

53
Q

Dorsal root derives from the…

A

Neural crest cells where processes extend centrally to the alar plate

54
Q

Polarity of dorsal root ganglion is

A

Pseudounipolar

55
Q

Which end do axons grow from

A

Apical end

56
Q

Chemoattractants

A

Wants griwth cone to go in right direction

57
Q

Chemorepelents

A

Molecular signal that guides not to grow somewhere

58
Q

Synaptogenesis is…

A

Not precises, so unused ones get apoptosed

59
Q

Where does sclerotome separate for resegmentation

A

Caudal and cranial of two diff sclerotome segments fuse

60
Q

What directs axonal growth

A

Growth cones towards synapse site

61
Q

Metencephalon yields

A

Cerebellum and pons

62
Q

Where does the cephalic flexure occur

A

Between mesencephalon and metencephalon

63
Q

Rhombic lip turns into

A

Cerebellum

64
Q

What separates the basal and alar plate

A

Sulcus limitans

65
Q

Where to epyndemal cells live

A

In choroid plexus

66
Q

Colliculi

A

Bumps

67
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Movement

68
Q

Crus cerebri

A

Leg of brain, from marginal region )midbrain

69
Q

Diencephalon is

A

Anything in contact with third ventricle

70
Q

What origin is pituitary gland

A

Ectoderm, neuroectoderm and oral ectoderm

71
Q

where are these developed from

A

Pharyngeal arches, derived from neural crest cells and mesoderm

72
Q

what is seen in pahrnygeal arches

A

pouchies, cleft, nerve, artery, vein,lined inside by endo, outside by ecto

73
Q

Arch and each CN

A

1 :V3
2 : VII
3: IX
4 (& 6): X

HISTO (14 decks)

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