Development of Muscle and Nerve Flashcards
intermeditae horn
cells for ANS, up to T spine and L spine
why neural crest cells are sometimes referred to as the 4th germ layer
neural crest cells are migratory. they are the derivative fo so many tissue types. they go up at the top of the fused neural tube then migrate away and down.
somatotopic organization of the developing brain stem and spinal cord
Dorsally: alar = sensory(dorsal horn),
Ventrally: basal, motor (ventral horn)
maternal diet in their prevention
folic acid bb
smooth and cardiac muscle derivative
visceral splanchnic mesoderm
Primary myogenesis
embryonic stage in the somites
dorsal side of spinal nerve
neural crest cells give rise to the dorsal root ganglion
what doe sthe myotome split up into
epimere: deep back/erector spinae muscles
hypomere: ventral, hypoaxial muscles
hydrocephalus
water head baby
rhombecephalon
hindbrain
what do neural blasts differentiate into
neurons
Three primary brain ventrivles
prosencephalon, mesencephalon,rhombecephalon
sclerotome
resegmentation occurs so that the nerve can go thru to the muscle
where does sensory and motor converge from the dorsal and ventral horns?
This leads to the spinal nerve itself
ventral side of spinal nerve
motor nerves via mantle layer of teh basal plate
neural tube defect
anencephaly and spina bifida. Anencephaly is where anterior neuropore doesn’t close, spina bifida is failure of caudal one to close
The ____ layer dfferentiates into the ___ of teh spinal cord
the marginal layer into the whiet matter
secondary brain vesicles
telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
meningomyelocele
whole ass cord out
myotome
motor innervation
what does the myotome split up into
epimere: deep back/erector spinae muscles
hypomere: ventral, hypoaxial muscles
glial cell in CNS that produces myelin
oligodendrocytes
metencephalon
cerebellum and pons
What does the neuroepithelium surround
the neural tube
Ventral pathway of neural crest cells
dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic chain ganglia, tehy all go thru the somites
which way does the dorsal root ganglion go
towards the alar plate and the receptors
what are the ventral and dorsal horns
for teh CNS and PNS
myelencephalon
medulla oblongata
What is a spinal nerve?
exit from the vertebrae, all of tehm are mixed for S or M
what is a ganglia
neural cell bodies outside of central nervous system
telencephalon
cerebrum ina dult
striated skeletal muscle derivative
somitomeres vai paraaxial mesoderm
hydrocephalus
water head baby due to blockage between the 3rd and 4th ventricles
somite differentiation into
dermatome, myotome, sclerotome
Dorsal pathway of neural crest cells
future melanocytes
ventricles of brain
has CSF
meningomyelocele
whoel ass cord out
mesencephalon
midbrain
Ventral pathway of neural crest cells
dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic chain ganglia, they all go thru the somites
Three primary brain ventrivles
prosencephalon, mesencephalon,rhombecephalon
Primary myogenesis
embryonic stage in the somites
myoblasts fuse
neuroblasts will form the__ layer which will lead to the ___ of the spinal chord
mantle layer to become the gray matter
prosencephalon
forebrain
meningocele
protrusion of the meninges
Rachischisis
no brain no back
outgrowing motor axons
convey motor info, connected to ventral side of spinal nerve
central canal
CSF,
Recall the process of neurulation
Where the neural plate folds in dorsally and fuse at the midline, neural groove –> neural tube
dermatome
sensory portion
What can form if spina bifida happens
meningomyocele
Is when these cross in teh spinal cord
Decussation is when the roof and floor plates cross
Ventral root derives from the…
Cells of the basal plate
Dorsal root derives from the…
Neural crest cells where processes extend centrally to the alar plate
Polarity of dorsal root ganglion is
Pseudounipolar
Which end do axons grow from
Apical end
Chemoattractants
Wants griwth cone to go in right direction
Chemorepelents
Molecular signal that guides not to grow somewhere
Synaptogenesis is…
Not precises, so unused ones get apoptosed
Where does sclerotome separate for resegmentation
Caudal and cranial of two diff sclerotome segments fuse
What directs axonal growth
Growth cones towards synapse site
Metencephalon yields
Cerebellum and pons
Where does the cephalic flexure occur
Between mesencephalon and metencephalon
Rhombic lip turns into
Cerebellum
What separates the basal and alar plate
Sulcus limitans
Where to epyndemal cells live
In choroid plexus
Colliculi
Bumps
Substantia nigra
Movement
Crus cerebri
Leg of brain, from marginal region )midbrain
Diencephalon is
Anything in contact with third ventricle
What origin is pituitary gland
Ectoderm, neuroectoderm and oral ectoderm
where are these developed from
Pharyngeal arches, derived from neural crest cells and mesoderm
what is seen in pahrnygeal arches
pouchies, cleft, nerve, artery, vein,lined inside by endo, outside by ecto
Arch and each CN
1 :V3
2 : VII
3: IX
4 (& 6): X
