development in infancy + early childhood

Question 1

developmental milestones

Answer 1

a significant skill or event occuring in a persons life

Question 2

2 months

Answer 2

• hold head up
• begins to push up when lying on stomach

Question 3

6 months

Answer 3

• rolls over
• begin sitting up
• supports weight on legs

Question 4

9 months

Answer 4

• can stand with support
• sit without support
• pulling up to standing
• crawling

Question 5

12 months

Answer 5

• can sit up without help
• pulls up to stand
• walks holding onto something
• maybe a few steps without holding
• maybe stand without support

Question 6

18 months

Answer 6

• walk alone
• drink from a cup
• eat with a spoon

Question 7

2 years

Answer 7

• kick a ball
• begin to run
• climb on and off furniture
• walk up and down stairs holding on
• throws ball overhand

Question 8

percentiles

Answer 8

• are used to compare physical characteristics such as a child growth, weight and head circumference with other children in the same age group
• we can then track a child’s growth over time
• a baby in the 50th percentile is right in the middle of the normal range
• a baby in the 5th percentile weighs less that 95% of other babies that age
• a baby in the 90th percentile weighs more than 90% of other babies of that age
• some babies will always be small and some will always be large, percentiles are used to track if they’re growing as expected for their percentile

Question 9

physical development

Answer 9

• growth
• changes to systems
• motor skill development

Question 10

growth in infancy

Answer 10

• infancy is the second fasest period of physical development (second to prenatal)
• the size of an infants head decreases in proportion from the body
• increase in muscle thickness and length and muscle mass
• increased body fat to allow body temp to be maintained
• bones harden
• cephalocaudal development

Question 11

cephalocaudal development

Answer 11

development that occurs from the
head downwards (growth occurs in this way

Question 12

changes to systems in infancy

Answer 12

• nervous system becomes more complex and allows messages to be transmitted more rapidly and efficiently
• senses develop and infant begins to to recognise familiar faces and sounds
• has a set of 20 baby teeth in the upper and lower jaws behind the gums which fully grow out by 3 years
• bones are made out of partly flexible cartilage which means they are less likely to break while the baby is growing and learning to move around
• bones then fuse together and harden

Question 13

motor skill development in infancy

Answer 13

• babys are born with basic reflexes which then develop into controlled movements
• proximodistal pattern

Question 14

growth in early childhood

Answer 14

• slow and steady growth
• height increases by 6cm per year
• weight increases by 2.5kg per year
• bones continue to grow
• body proportions and fat decrease
• children become less top heavy

Question 15

changes to systems

Answer 15

first set of teeth is complete by the third year

Question 16

motor skill development

Answer 16

• large muscles develop extensively (leg and arm)
• walking style becomes more fluid
• kicking, catching and throwing skills develop
• coordination improve
• fine motor skills develop, child can use buttons on clothing, hold crayons, use scissors, and tie shoelaces
• child needs opportunities for active play

Question 17

intergenerational

Answer 17

the health and wellbeing of one generation affects the health and wellbeing of the next (if the parents have low levels of h&w, the children are likely to have low levels of h&w)