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Geography > Development - human > Flashcards

Development - human Flashcards

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1
Q

define development

A

an improvement in the quality of life for the population of the country.

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2
Q

define development gap

A

the difference between the parts of the world that have wealth and the parts of the world that don’t

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3
Q

define North-South divide

A

a virtual socioeconomic and political line on the globe which splits the developed and wealthy countries in the ‘North’ from the poorer developing countries in the ‘South’

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4
Q

define tertiary sector

A

service industries and jobs such as teaching; few people are employed in this sector in a developing country

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5
Q

define secondary sector

A

manufacturing industries; the number of people in this sector increases as a country develops

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6
Q

define primary sector

A

extractive industries such as farming, fishing e.t.c. Developing countries have high numbers in this sector.

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7
Q

define quaternary sector

A

financial services and communications

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8
Q

what are the 4 types of development?

A

cultural
social
political
economic

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9
Q

what factors contribute to the human development of a country?

A 
technological 
food and water security 
social 
cultural 
economic
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10
Q

define GDP (gross domestic product)

A

GDP is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year.

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11
Q

what is GDP per capita mean?

A

per capita means per person

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12
Q

what is the human development index?

A

the HDI measures a country’e level of social and economic development using three different indicators : life expectancy, literacy rate and standard of living.

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13
Q

what is the corruption perceptions index?

A

The quality of government is a big factor in development, this corruption perception index grades countries from highly corrupt to very clean.

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14
Q

define employment structure

A

the numbers of people employed in each sector of industry.

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15
Q

define spacial variations

A

differences in something on the Earth’s surface, e.g. differences in wealth in a country.

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16
Q

define debt

A

money owed by a country to another country.

17
Q

what factors contribute to the human development of a country?

A 
technological 
food and water security 
social 
cultural 
economic
18
Q

how is development measured?

A

GDP
HDI
measures of inequality
corruption perceptions index

19
Q

what is the Gini coefficient?

A

the Gini coefficient is used to show the extent of income inequality. low value - more equal income distribution
high value - more unequal income distribution

20
Q

what are the physical factors that have led to spatial variations in the global level of development?

A

climate
landlocked countries
natural hazards
natural resources

21
Q

what are the historic factors that have led to spatial variations in the global level of development?

A

colonies
trade
politics

22
Q

what are the economic factors that have led to spatial variations in the global level of development?

A

foreign investment
world trade
infrastructure

23
Q

what are the economic factors that have led to spatial variations in the level of development in the UK?

A

infrastructure

foreign investment

24
Q

what are the physical factors that have led to spatial variations in the level of development in the UK?

A

relief
climate
natural resources

25
Q

what are the historical factors that have led to spatial variations in the level of development in the UK?

A

politics

colonies

26
Q

what is the impact of uneven development on the quality of life in different parts of the world?

A 
access to housing 
health 
food and water security 
education 
technology 
employment
27
Q

how can the development gap be reduced?

A

government, international and voluntary aid
MDGs
foreign direct investment

28
Q

what is fair-trade?

A

small scale producers group together to create a cooperative, which deals directly with retailers in developed countries so farmers get paid better.

29
Q

what is a top down development scheme?

A

large scale development where the government borrows money from the world bank to finance a scheme which will benefit the whole country.

30
Q

advantages of top down development

A

county will develop more quail

scheme is run by government so likely to reach objectives

31
Q

Disadvantages of top down development

A

country will go into debt

local people have no say so will lose land.

32
Q

what is a bottom up development project?

A

small scale development planned and controlled by local communities to help their local area.

33
Q

advantages of bottom up development

A

run by local people so is likely to achieve its development objectives as they decide what happens.
end product us usually cheap to maintain

34
Q

Disadvantages of bottom up development

A

country will develop more slowly due to size of the project

does not help the population that live in urban areas.

Geography (26 decks)

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