Development -- GI, Urinary

Question 1

Celiac, superior, and inferior mesenteric arteries form from…

Answer 1

Vitelline arteries

Question 2

Transition from foregut to midgut

Answer 2

Opening of common bile duct in duodenum

Question 3

After 90 degree rotation left and right sides become:

Answer 3

left becomes ventral surface

right becomes dorsal surface

Question 4

In the adult, dorsal mesogastrium forms:

Answer 4

greater omentum, gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments

Question 5

Spleen develops from

Answer 5

The spleen is derived from mesenchymal cells between the layers of the dorsal mesogastrium

Question 6

Ventral mesogastrium becomes:

Answer 6

lesser omentum

Question 7

Duodenum develops from:

Answer 7

caudal foregut and cranial midgut

Question 8

Ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds form:

Answer 8

-Ventral pancreatic bud contributes to the pancreatic head,uncinate process; dorsal bud forms the rest of pancreas.

Question 9

Main pancreatic duct forms from:

Answer 9

ventral bud duct and the distal dorsal bud duct; the proximaldorsal bud duct may persist as an accessory pancreatic duct

Question 10

Liver forms from:

Answer 10

Cranial portion of hepatic diverticulum

Question 11

Caudal hepatic diverticulum forms:

Answer 11

Gall bladder and cystic duct

Question 12

R and L vitelline veins form:

Answer 12

hepatic sinusoids and hepatic veins

Question 13

Portal vein forms from:

Answer 13

Anastomosis of the vitelline veins around duodenum

Question 14

Identify

Answer 14

midgut loop, cranial limb (blue) and a distal caudal limb (yellow)

Question 15

The process of midgut loop moving into the extraembryonic space is called…

Answer 15

physiological umbilical herniation (bw week 6 and 10)

Question 16

Cranial end of midgut loop becomes:

Answer 16

Jejunum and upper ileum

Question 17

caudal end of midgut loop becomes:

Answer 17

lower ileum, ascending colon and proximal ½ of transverse colon.

Question 18

Sequence of reduction of midgut herniation

Answer 18

1. The cranial limb (small intestine) returns first, passing posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and occupying a central position in the abdominal cavity.
2. Caudal end returns, turns 180 degrees
3. Cecum returns

Question 19

Cranial hindgut forms

Answer 19

distal ½ of transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon

Question 20

terminal end of the hindgut is an endoderm lined pouch called the

Answer 20

cloaca

Question 21

cloaca forms

Answer 21

rectum and superior anal canal

Question 22

The cloaca is divided into dorsal and ventral regions by the

Answer 22

urorectal septum

Question 23

ventral cloaca becomes

Answer 23

urogenital sinus

Question 24

dorsal cloaca becomes

Answer 24

anorectal canal

Question 25

The cloacal membrane lies at the base of a depression known as the

Answer 25

proctodeum (anal pit)

Question 26

The epithelium of the superior anal canal is derived from

Answer 26

hindgut endoderm

Question 27

lower anal canal develops from the

Answer 27

poctodeum’s endoderm

Question 28

The junction of the upper and lower anal canal is marked by the

Answer 28

pectinate line

Question 29

Kidneys and internal genitalia both develop from

Answer 29

a common mesodermal ridge along the posterior abdominal wall

Excretory ducts of both systems initially enter the cloaca

Question 30

Intermediate mesoderm gives rise to

Answer 30

nephric structures

portions of the suprarenal glands, the gonads, and the genital duct system

Question 31

lateral portion of the urogenital ridge

Answer 31

nephrogenic cord (gives rise to urinary system)

Question 32

3 nephric systems that develop from nephrogenic cord. What is their functions?

Answer 32

Pronephroi - rudimentary and nonfunctional

Mesonephroi - Functions briefly during early fetal period

Metanephroi - forms permanent kidneys

Question 33

Mesonephros structure

Answer 33

Glomeruli are cluster of capillaries around the end of a tubule where waste products are filtered from the blood

Mesonephric tubules open into mesonephric ducts (open to cloaca)

Question 34

Forms the collecting portion of the adult kidney (pelvis)

Answer 34

Ureteric bud (diverticulum from the mesonephric duct near its entrance into the cloaca)

Question 35

Forms the excretory portion of the adult kidney. (cortex)

Answer 35

Metanephrogenic blastema: derived from the caudal part of the nephrogenic cord

Question 36

The stalk of the ureteric bud becomes

Answer 36

the ureter

Question 37

nephron development

Answer 37

Forms from the metaneohrogenic blastema and is directly connected to collecting tubules which are derived from the ureteric bud

Question 38

Kidney positional changes

Answer 38

ascent

medial rotation (90 degrees)

retroperitoneal positioning

Question 39

Divisions of urogenital sinus and what they become

Answer 39

Vesical (bladder)

Pelvic (urethra and prostate)

Phallic (to genitals)

Question 40

thick fibrous cord that develops from allantois, what does it become

Answer 40

urachus, becomes median umbilical ligament

Question 41

Trigone of bladder forms from

Answer 41

caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts

Question 42

Cortex of suprarenal glands forms from

Answer 42

mesenchyme on each side of the embryo between the root of the dorsal mesentery and the developing gonad

Question 43

Medulla of supraprenal glands formed from

Answer 43

neural crest cells