Development Flashcards
sensory-motor stage
Characterizes the first 2 years of life - it is through the senses and motor abilities that infants gain a basic understanding of the world around them
conservation
knowledge of the properties of the world that are preserved under various transformations
What are the main characteristics of understanding conservation in sensory-motor stage
at first children do not understand object permanence but rather develop the concept of it during the fiest years
What characterizes the neurons of new-born babies as opposed to adults?
New-born babies have more neurons than adults, but their neurons are immature and need to develop supporting structures (such as glial cells) and synapses
pre-operational stage
Spans from 2 to 7 years of age - children begin to engage in internal thoughts about the world, but these are often unsystematic and intuitive
What are the main characteristics of understanding conservation in preoperational stage
the preoperational child appears not to know that a quantity stays the same even if you change the size, shape, or container it’s in.
They are distracted by the irrelevant physical characteristics. They get overwhelmed and as result they lack understanding of conservation.
concrete-operational stage
Spans from 7 to 11 years of age - Children begin to develop mental operations that allow them to think of the physical world in a more systematic way
formal-operational stage
From 11 and up - Children from this age and up are capable of reasoning and are able to understand abstract concepts
What is a glial cell?
Glial cells are a type of cell that provides physical and chemical support to neurons and maintain their environment
What are the main characteristics of understanding conservation in concrete-operational stage
children recognize that things that may appear to be different are actually the same, they understand conservation.
Which 2 factors controls the growth of working memory with age, according to Case?
- Increased speed of neural transmission as the degree of myelination increases with age
- Practice makes our mental operations more efficient making them require less working memory capacity
What is the Flynn Effect?
Average IQ scores appear to have risen about 3 points per decade over the previous century
What does the abbreviation WAIS-R stand for?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised
what are the two ways of explaining why children perform better on various intellectual tasks?
“think better” <- children’s basic cognitive processes become better ( perhaps they can hold more information in their working memory)
“know better” <- children have learned more facts, better methods and absorbed more experiences.
what are the theories that operate with basic cognitive capacity called?
neo-Piagetian theories
